No witchcraft, no enemy action had snuffed out life in this stricken world. Fifteen turned the material down before it finally made its way to William Shawn, editor of The New Yorker, who offered to publish ten of the book's chapters. And then suddenly the residents discover the birds are gone, and the animals have died, and many of the plants have withered. Enemy jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons can sweep over a variety of routes and drop bombs on any important target in the United States. But for Carson it became a crusade. Then friends told her about a U.S. Department of Agriculture program to eradicate the fire ant –– and more than a decade after she'd proposed the piece about DDT to Reader's Digest, pesticides came roaring back into her consciousness. Yes, right now it is. The New Yorker was deluged with letters. In 1962, The New Yorker published Rachel Carson’s articles on the side effects of pesticides. Fifteen years old, Tina lives in an orphanage where she is being treated harshly. William Souder, Biographer: If you study biology and if you look at how all life on earth has evolved, eventually you begin to see everything in totality. And suddenly she’s got this catalog of illnesses that happen to her. Narrator: In mid-July 1945, as the Second World War ground on in the Pacific and weary Americans scanned the morning's headlines for the word "victory," Rachel Carson was trying to call attention to what she believed was a war against the earth. Deborah Cramer, Writer: She raised the level of awareness of the general public of all of these chemical applications and why we need to think about their implications. And so the ethos of science and technology is that humans could improve on nature. If the reaction goes, we're in the thermonuclear era. Narrator: Rachel Carson had long known that scientists were divided on the issue of synthetic pesticides –– and that conclusions about their safety depended on who was asked. Freed at last to do nothing but write, Carson found the task nearly impossible. Shoot Horses, Don’t They?, Point Blank, The Gambler, Rachel Carson Archives at Yale University, Lost Woods: The Discovered Writings of Rachel Carson, She read all of Rachel Carson’s books including, She spent weeks in the Rachel Carson Archives at Yale University going through the 117 boxes that included the original yellow tablets with handwritten first drafts of. Ed Clark/The Life Picture Collection/Getty Images She didn’t like boats. Narrator: By spring, the cancer had spread to her brain. It’s a whole new fascinating kind of chemical formula that's not obviously toxic to people and insects are dying all over the place. Narrator: The Atomic Energy Commission and other government agencies now issued a flurry of reassurances that atmospheric testing was safe, and that fallout constituted no appreciable danger outside of the test zone. Michelle Ferrari, Voice of Rachel Carson By fourteen, she was submitting her work to magazines for sale. And what was meant to be a two-year project soon stretched into four. Probably none of us are but she’s in denial and she hides it under the covers of herself, and to herself, and just tries to plow through it. Really for the first time in her life I think she really didn’t see the way forward. Archival: The victory flash electrified Times Square keyed to the bursting point as the magic word of complete surrender came through. Linda Lear, Biographer: Carson wanted to be the biographer of the ocean. William Souder, Biographer: For the first time people realized that the real danger in a nuclear war was not the explosions themselves but the fallout, this total contamination of the earth that had the potential to wipe out every living organism on the face of the earth. What she was, as a friend put it, was a “would-be writer who could not afford the time for creative work.”. It was also well outside Carson's training as a biologist, and therefore difficult for her to parse. But her true interest only revealed itself after graduation –– when she landed a coveted research spot at the Marine Biology Laboratory in Wood's Hole, Massachusetts, and for the first time in her life laid eyes on the ocean. Sometimes I wonder whether the Author even exists anymore. Robert W. Kelley/The Life Picture Collection/Getty Images But months gave way to years, and she made no progress with it. CBS Photo Archive/Getty Images Narrator: Carson framed the question differently –– and her doubts about the vector of modern technological science now began to harden into a certainty. Narrator: When the demands of promoting The Sea Around Us threatened to overwhelm her, Carson escaped to Maine, to a remote stretch of the central coast where slivers of land reach out into the ocean and the tides rise higher than anywhere along the Atlantic seaboard. Narrator: Thrilled by the prospect of understanding the natural world she'd been taught to so closely observe, Carson changed her major from English to biology and announced her intention to go on to graduate school. Jena Richardson With Ghina Abboud, Khitam El Lahham, Nawal Kamel, Sami Abou Hamdan. Mark Lytle, Historian: The people involved, the scientists and what not who are inventing pesticides, think they’re doing God’s work and that they are also helping the United States keep its edge in the Cold War environment. And that becomes a theme in everything that she starts to write. Mark Lytle, Historian: People of my generation remember the Thanksgiving with no cranberry sauce. Reid State Park, Maine But with DDT that problem diminished substantially. And so there was very little questioning. "It’s strong. Every major publication in the country reviewed the book. She had access to war records. There were walks along the shore with Dorothy, slow and ginger now on account of Carson's constant pain, and bittersweet hours spent watching the surf crash against the rocks. I think it amused her. Library of Congress Narrator: From public relations departments throughout the chemical industry now came a flood of bulletins and brochures which emphasized the benefits of pesticides. The tailoring, the screening of basic truth is done to accommodate to the short-term gain, to serve the gods of profit and production. Despite ongoing radiation treatments, the cancer had spread and spread again, to her collarbone, her neck, her shoulder. Liberty Mutual Insurance By the end of January, 1961, she was unable to walk and could barely stand. There’s evidence of fish kill or bird kill and they see that and like any expert they publish it in a place where other experts will read it. DDT was thought to be so important that Paul Müller won the Nobel Prize for discovering DDT. William Souder, Biographer: As she’s looking over the press releases that she’s writing, she realizes that some of these subjects are kind of interesting and could be turned into feature stories for a local newspaper. There was really no rigorous testing of these chemicals to ensure their safety. She studied the masses of material blasting Rachel Carson during the, The extensive experience of the production team in creating compelling and commercially- successful film projects, The quality and environmental theme of the project, The relative low cost to produce the film, The interest of talent to be attached to the project including filmmaker The problems with her niece really detracted from the joy and the wonderful sense of success she felt for The Sea Around Us. For the first time, the insect-borne scourges that spread disease and ravaged crops seemed subject to man's control. Yo Suzuki/Pond5, Locations Um, but the biggest thing of course is what to do with Roger and to face the fact that when she dies, which she doesn’t really face well, Roger needs a family and she can’t seem to come to grips with that. Archival: She dines on healthy blood, and in payment leaves the chills and fever of malaria. We can do dramatic things and we can do them quickly. You wouldn't want to go into it; but neither would you deliberately walk into a blazing fire. Narrator: With shipments of cranberries being seized for inspection and panicked grocers pulling cranberry products from shelves, Oregon's bad berries were on the verge of ruining a fifty-million-dollar crop. Over the decade to come, all would be weapons in the struggle to master nature. Roger Christie Narrator: On June 16th, 1962 –– as the elements of Silent Spring were being prepared for publication –– the first New Yorker installment arrived on the newsstands, and with its opening paragraphs lured readers into a fertile world of plenty. And my grandmother read about Rachel coming in the local newspaper and sent her a little welcoming note in 1952, and she got a note back. Narrator: On an overcast morning in July, 1949, Rachel Carson found herself in a boat off the coast of Miami, staring down into the storm-churned waters of Biscayne Bay. Naomi Oreskes, Historian: If you dump large amounts of pesticides in a field you will kill many of the insects you intend to kill but there’ll be some fragment that survive because for whatever reason they happen to be more resistant.
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