]had several tasks. They were forbidden to be re-elected and provided a balance for the two kings, who rarely co-operated. [1], This article is part of the series:Spartan Constitution. How five officials elected annually from among the citizens by the Assembly to enforce Sparta's laws should have been so … Definition and How It Works in the US, Political Aspects of the Classical Age of Greece, Federalism and the United States Constitution, Herodotus on the Kings of Sparta C 430 BCE, M.A., Linguistics, University of Minnesota. [6] Following Lycurgus' 'Asteropus' in 620 BCE (increase in the power of the ephorate),[7] the ephors became the ambassadors of Sparta. Such is the case with Alcibiades' use of Endius, who persuaded the Spartans to allow Alcibiades to take control of Sparta's peace mission to Athens in 420 BCE.[11]. Plato called the ephors tyrants who ran Sparta as despots while the kings were little more than generals. This would also suggest a very early origin, before Sparta was really unified; in fact, it may be that the creation of the college of ephors was a step towards unification. Diplomats from Sparta are trained here, and this department also monitors the Embassies and Ambassadors for other Alliances. For example, the Archidamian War broke out in the year when Aenesias was ephor (431).note[Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.2.]. This lead to there being six Ephors and six Deputy Ephors for a time. Since Sparta withdrew from the PEPTO treaty, all functions of this department are now managed by the village of Lykoi. And just because the power of the ephors is excessive and dictatorial, even the Spartan kings have been forced to curry favor with them. On September 20, 2007 the Department of Education was created, thus creating a 5th Ephor. . Plato called the ephors tyrants who ran Sparta as despots while the kings were little more than generals. Spartan Literacy Revisited. https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/ephors, Althusius argued that actual government is constituted when a covenant is made between the supreme magistrate and the, T.'s main concern in all this is to trace constitutional developments narrowly defined, that is to say, the changing roles of kings, elders, and, Furthermore, although it was once believed that decision-making power was concentrated in the hands of the five, The substantial problem, however, is whether the, Gauthier and Hatzopoulos present the first fully authoritative text Of this important inscription, whose publication history they call "etonnante." Writing in the mid fifth-century, the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus states that it had been introduced by the Lycurgus, the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, who is presented by Herodotus as a contemporary of the kings Leo and Agasicles in the first half of the sixth century BCE.note[Herodotus, Histories 1.65.] This is confirmed by the fact that the chairman of the college of ephors was also the president of the Popular Assembly.note[Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.87.] But while it was necessary to select ephors from among all the citizens, the present method of selection strikes me as childish. N.S. 46 K-A and the problem of Spartan moustaches, Alcibiades at Sparta: Aristophanes 'Birds. Immediately after their election the ephors fulfil a significant annual duty. Aristotle, in "On the Lacedaemonian Constitution"—a section of The Politics—says that some claim Sparta's system of government included monarchical, oligarchic and democratic components. On February 28, 2008 a strategic reformation of government lead to the Department of Education merging into the Department of Internal Affairs, and the Department of Commerce merging into the Department of Economy. Cyber Nations Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. – because this suggests that the ephors were originally appointed by the kings and not by the Apella, the popular assembly. All content copyright © 1995–2020 Livius.org. In the classical age, the five ephors in Sparta, chosen from and by the Spartiats (male citizens with full rights),note[Aristotle, Politics 1270b27. While in office, they were immune to persecution, but they could be judged by their successors. The concept of an ephorate continues to be used by some contemporary organizations which require a monarchical element within a democratic framework. Ephors is a historically accurate title used to describe the upper government within Sparta. They were in charge of all things financial, and were generally the best numbers people in Sparta. This magistracy has authority in the highest matters, but the Ephors are chosen from the whole people, and so the office is apt to fall into the hands of very poor men, who, being badly off, are open to bribes.
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