Different clinical forms are included in the generic diagnosis of “intestinal obstruction”, which are to be distinguished from each other. It may lead to blood and lung infections. Tissue death can result in infection or gangrene. There are no colicky pain and peristalsis because of the intestinal paralysis [18]. Learn about a little known plugin that tells you if you're getting the best price on Amazon. The plain radiography can detect the pneumoperitoneum by intestinal perforation. Clinical findings are abdominal distension, the absence of flatus and bowel movement, and vomiting. The impaired colonic motility should be caused by imbalance in the autonomic nervous system: increase in sympathetic tone and decrease in parasympathetic tone [64]. I have heard that if you get certain kinds of intestinal obstruction, like for example when your intestines get twisted in the wrong way, it can cause terrible symptoms. Metabolic acidosis takes place in the case of severe hypovolemia, hypoperfusion, organ failure, and ischemic bowel lesions [25]. Causes of paralytic ileus may include: Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction may include: During a physical exam, the health care provider may find bloating, tenderness, or hernias in the abdomen. There are also alternating diarrhea and constipation and weight loss. The pathophysiological findings are hereditary hollow visceral myopathy, familiar neuronal visceral disease, lesion of myenteric plexus, and alimentary tract ganglioneuromatosis. The contribution of abdominal US to intestinal obstruction diagnosis should be limited to identify intestinal distension, abdominal masses, and internal hernias, which can be site of incarcerated intestinal loops. Clinical features of intestinal obstruction are especially focused on two symptoms and two signs: colicky abdominal pain, absence of flatus or bowel movements, abdominal distension, and vomiting. However, normally we must complete the diagnosis with abdominal CT scan. Then, in the first step of the diagnosis, the distinction of mechanical or paralytic obstruction is performed. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics. Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. The extrinsic causes include a very large range of pathological conditions: compression by external masses, adhesions, bands, strangulated external or internal hernias, volvulus, and intussusception [1]. The presentation of the clinical picture of “closed-loop obstruction” without distension of small bowel that preserves its functions for a short period is quite unusual. The aim of the use of antibiotics is based on the control and treatment of intestinal overgrowth of bacteria and their translocation across the bowel wall [44]. On the other hand, a one-stage procedure with resection of the tumor (radical or palliative), followed by temporary colostomy (Hartmann’s procedure) or primary anastomosis, can be employed. The intestinal gas that normally progresses by peristaltic movements shows the following composition at the start of occlusion: swallowed air, carbon dioxide (it comes from neutralization of bicarbonates), and later on gas bacterial fermentation. Type of intestinal obstruction diagnosed (hypothesized or confirmed): Complete versus incomplete. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. The author is very grateful to Drs Libero Luca Giambavicchio and Francesco Lapolla for their valuable assistance in the typographical transcription of the manuscript. To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. The examination can identify the abnormal masses, such as abscess, volvulus, and tumor, which can be the cause of obstruction. The blockage may be either partial or complete, occurring at one or more locations. INTRODUCTION. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: nosography. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. In the management of intestinal obstructions, there are some issues under discussion with no simple solution. Small or large bowel obstacle site. The first objective should be the control and management of malignancy.
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