"[177], Washington Irving's 1828 biography of Columbus popularized the idea that Columbus had difficulty obtaining support for his plan because many Catholic theologians insisted that the Earth was flat,[178] but this is a popular misconception which can be traced back to 17th-century Protestants campaigning against Catholicism. "[122] Accompanied by his stepbrother Bartolomeo, Diego Mendez, and his 13-year-old son Ferdinand, he left Cádiz on May 9, 1502, with his flagship, Capitana, as well as the Gallega, Vizcaína, and Santiago de Palos. [22] Before 1484, Columbus returned to Porto Santo to find that his wife had died. By the end of 1494, disease and famine had claimed two-thirds of the Spanish settlers. [131] On August 14, Columbus landed on the mainland of the Americas at Puerto Castilla, near Trujillo, Honduras. The most desired trading goods were gold, silver and spices. Columbus promised such an advantage. Olson, Julius E. and Edward G. Bourne (editors). In addition, the expedition saw the construction of the first ship in the Americas, the Santa Cruz or India.[72]. [124] Columbus anticipated that a hurricane was brewing and had a ship that needed to be replaced, so he headed to Hispaniola, despite being forbidden to land there. (Columbus, a devout Catholic, was equally enthusiastic about this possibility.). They arrived in Sanlúcar de Barrameda on November 7 and from there they traveled to Seville, where Colón denounced to the authorities that the gold that came in the caravel for the Crown had been adulterated and claimed for himself a part for having made the accusation. [85], Columbus headed for Spain on the Niña, but a storm separated him from the Pinta, and forced the Niña to stop at the island of Santa Maria in the Azores. The crew was able to secure the rudder with ropes until they could reach the Canary Islands, where they arrived on August 9. A number of returning settlers and sailors lobbied against Columbus at the Spanish court, accusing him and his brothers of gross mismanagement. [162] The 400th anniversary Columbian issues were very popular in the United States. [173][174], Though Christopher Columbus came to be considered the discoverer of America in U.S. and European popular culture, his historical legacy is more nuanced. The governor, Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, detested Columbus and obstructed all efforts to rescue him and his men. Columbus made a fourth voyage nominally in search of the Strait of Malacca to the Indian Ocean. He also began to hatch the plan that would change the world forever. Columbus had always claimed the conversion of non-believers as one reason for his explorations, but he grew increasingly religious in his later years. By 1481, Toscanelli had sent Columbus a map implying that a westward route to Asia was possible. The youngest brother of Christopher Columbus", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Christopher Columbus writings prove he was Spanish, claims study", "Columbus' Confusion About the New World", "Six Things You Didn't Know About Christopher Columbus", Christopher Columbus. Only the Aguya made it Spain, causing some of Columbus's enemies to accuse him of conjuring the storm.[125][126][127]. "Trans. Bobadilla's 48-page report, derived from the testimonies of 23 people who had seen or heard about the treatment meted out by Columbus and his brothers—had originally been lost for centuries, but was rediscovered in 2005 in the Spanish archives in, Ferdinand Columbus later wrote, "I always saw those irons in his bedroom, which he demanded be buried with his bones.". On Santa Cruz, the Europeans saw a canoe with a few Carib men and two women. [159] Columbus's name was given to the federal capital of the U.S. (District of Columbia), the capital cities of two U.S. states (Ohio and South Carolina), and the Columbia River. In Spain it is called the Fiesta Nacional de España y Día de la Hispanidad commemorating the role of Spain in world history, while a number of countries in Latin America celebrate it as Día de la Raza commemorating their common heritage.
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