Let’s dive a little deeper to understand what “state” and “context” means for a network connection. While both firewall implementations perform packet filtering, the differences between them is in the meth For many people this previous firewall method is familiar because it can be implemented with common basic Access Control Lists (ACL). Packet filtering potential, is one of principle ways in which stateless and stateful firewalls differ from each other. A stateful inspection firewall will automatically open a port for this return connection. For example, when you make a connection to a server using HTTP, the server will initiate a new connection back to your system on a random port. This chapter discusses stateful filtering, stateful inspection, and deep packet inspection, as well as state when dealing with various transport and application-level protocols. A stateful firewall keeps track of the state of network connections, such as TCP streams, UDP datagrams, and ICMP messages, and can apply labels such as LISTEN, ESTABLISHED, or CLOSING. When using this method individual holes must be punched through the firewall in each direction to allow traffic to be allowed to pass. Stateful inspection firewalls keep track of connection status. State table entries are created for TCP streams or UDP datagrams that are allowed to communicate through the firewall in accordance with the configured security policy. Stateless and stateful firewalls may sound pretty similar with being denoted with a single distinction, but they are in fact two very different approaches with diverging functions and capabilities. We also demonstrate some practical examples of how several vendors implement state tracking as well as go over examples of such firewalls. Related packets are al… Ports can be dynamically opened and closed if necessary for completing a transaction. A stateful inspection, aka dynamic packet filtering, is the capability of a firewall to filter packets based on the STATE and CONTEXT of network connections. Once in the table, all RELATED packets of a stored session are streamlined allowed, taking less CPUcycles than standard inspection. To get a better idea of how a stateful firewall works, it is best to take a quick look at how previous firewall methods operated.
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