All the best Thus is the churl eaten up.” To his unwilling host, the mercenary was, as one chronicler succinctly put it, “a parasite.”, The Gallowglass earned a reputation for brutality. The latter fought unarmored and bareheaded, wielding a dirk, darts, javelins and perhaps a sling or small bow. For most Gallowglass life was brutal, bloody and short. [6] Gallowglasses served in the Dutch Blue Guards, Swiss Guard, the French Scottish Guard, and the forces of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in his invasion of Livonia during the Thirty Years' War. This equipment, as well as their fighting approach, made them more suitable for direct battle with the Normans (the native Irish typically made more use of their knowledge of local woods and bogs to ambush and skirmish). That he committed atrocities is also beyond dispute; chilling though it might seem to modern sensibilities, however, his was a generally accepted form of warfare. ( later McDaniel of course), Thanks for getting in touch Jenny (descendant of McDonnell! For armour, the gallowglass wore a mail shirt over a padded jacket and an iron helmet; he was usually accompanied by two boys (like a knight's squires), one of whom carried his throwing spears while the other carried his provisions. Cattle stealing was accepted as an honorable pursuit in Ireland, and it was common practice to drive off a rival’s herds and burn his house and outbuildings. Only the wealthiest lords could afford the long-term investment of a personal force of Gallowglass, however. In the last two decades of the 16th century a series of abortive rebellions brought a bloody end to the days of the feudal Irish lords and their Gallowglass clans—the MacSweeneys, MacDonnells, MacSheehys and the rest. The fight itself could take any of a number of forms: large-scale battle, single combat, reive (raid), siege or skirmish. Most battles in which the Gallowglass participated ended swiftly, in what Cannan refers to as a “blizzard of ax blows.” English noble Sir John Dymmok wrote in the late 1500s, “The greatest, The Gallowglass’ reputation ensured they attracted what we might term “intense media interest.” In 1521 German artist Albrecht Dürer rendered a well-known and quite detailed sketch (see opposite) of three of their number—sturdy, forbidding men armed with pike, bow, claymores and dirks—attended by two barefoot, poleaxe-bearing Kern. Native Irish, who became displaced in their country by the Anglo-Norman invasion, operated as bandits in the forests, where they were known as Cethern Coille, or wood kerns. The leaders of these roaming Gallowglass clans aspired to become a part of the first group, serving a single lord in hopes of acquiring their own lands, stock and stronghold. This might explain the feuding between the Hatfields and McCoys in West Virginia and Kentucky back in the mid to late 1800s. While their term of service was also secured by contract, it was strictly for pay. […]. As one English writer observed in 1572: “There will come a kern or Gallowglas…to lie in the churl’s house. In a paper entitled "A Description of the Power of Irishmen", written early in the 16th century, the Irish forces of Leinster are numbered at 522 horse, 5 battalions of gallowglass (gallóglaigh) and 1432 kerne, and those of the other provinces were in like proportion. Inevitably, Gallowglass came face to face with members of their own clans and families in fights to the death, with quarter neither given nor expected. The Ireland of their time was not a unified nation but rather a collection of proud and often hostile clans, and greater antipathy often existed among the clan chiefs than toward the English. My gggggranfatheris from Ireland William and I followed a direct line from my father to him but I don’t know where to go no he was born 1815 registered in West Port , Ireland married Charlotte , I m coming to Ireland in May and only for 10 days , looking for his father and father etc someone said to me once they think Achill please please help trip of a life time coming up. Suddenly, an advance force of skirmishers, unarmored and barefoot, rushed forward, hurling their light spears at the English ranks. Even the English Lord Deputy of Ireland usually kept a company of them in his service. The Ireland of their time was not a unified nation but rather a collection of proud and often hostile clans, and greater antipathy often existed among the clan, describes the Gallowglass as “among the most visually impressive warriors of all time.” Chiefs chose individual warriors specifically for their size, strength and fighting ability. Along with two young men as support and friends on top to assist or fight this could easily have numbered over 5,000 current and future Gallowglass coming into the area.[1]. I know someone whose surname is GALLOGLY Stratford School Days: What Did Shakespeare Read? According to period records, each Gallowglass received “one beef for his wages and two beefs for his feeding and diet.” In addition to his deed of land, the constable generally earned 10 to 20 times the pay of his subordinates. The term Gallowglass came to mean more a “fighting unit” that consisted of men of many different backgrounds. of providing mercenaries for the world’s armies. They were organised into groups known as a "Corrughadh", which consisted of about 100 men. In the 1700s Irishmen fighting for Spain did battle in the New World in Honduras, Mexico, Cuba and Florida. 14. quarrel: cause. Have you connected with Des Dineen in the Forum? Two years later Henry claimed the island as the self-styled Lord of Ireland, sparking a grassroots resistance, the locals, and after long decades of setbacks the exasperated Irish lords brought in various Gallowglass clans to check the invasion. Eugene Fodor, Hungarian-born travel writer. Shakespeare mentions gallowglasses in his play Macbeth, although along with other aspects of the play it is an anachronism, as the historical Macbeth lived in the 11th century: The merciless Macdonwald, They were born in Georgia,USA. Ultimately, the Gallowglass was a consummate killer for hire, and his success in finding consistent employment over the span of nearly four centuries testifies to both his effectiveness and the unqualified demand for his services. late 1500s Elizabeth excluded them from both her retinue and her plans to remake Ireland in England’s image. ( Log Out / Landing in the north and dispersing throughout Ireland, they stopped the English cold in their tracks—and for the next three and a half centuries they remained the premier fighting force on the island. In 1517, "when the reformacion of the countrye was taken in hand," it was reported that the Irish forces in Thomond were 750 horse, 2324 kerne, and 6 "batayles" of gallowglass, the latter including 60 to 80 footmen harnessed with spears; each of these had a man to bear his harness, some of whom themselves carried spears or bows. Their lyrical and intriguing name is an Anglicization of the Gaelic word gallóglach (roughly pronounced GAHL-o-glukh), which translates as “foreign warrior.” They are descendants both of Scots native to the western Highlands and Hebrides and of Vikings—those fearsome Norse raiders who initially ventured to Scotland for plunder but stayed to build settlements and intermarry with the locals. In time there came to be many native Irish gallowglass as the term came to mean a type of warrior rather than an ethnic designation. However, from the 17th century on – some of these surnames also arrived in Ulster as planted settlers – now typically Presbyterian. Shakespeare uses the form "gallowglasses" in the play Macbeth. But since they had intermarried with the Norse settlers in Scotland, the Irish called them Gall Gaeil (“foreign Gaels”). ), My grandmother was a McDaniel, from Kentwood, LA. Part of the arrangement lords made with their hired soldiers was to billet them with the vassals, who had scarcely enough to sustain themselves. Richard Stanihurst, a 16th century Anglo-Irish alchemist and historian, described the Gallowglass he met as “grim of countenance, tall of stature, big of limb, burly of body, well and strongly timbered.” In his epic poem The Faerie Queene Edmund Spenser patterned the warrior giant Grantorto on the Gallowglass—many of whom the English poet had personally seen—describing his character as “huge and hideous” with “great skill in single fight.”. In 1517, "when the reformacion of the countrye was taken in hand", it was reported that the Irish forces in Thomond were 750 horse, 2,324 kerne, and six "batayles" of gallowglass, the latter including 60 to 80 footmen harnessed with spears; each of these had a man to bear his harness, some of whom themselves carried spears or bows. It was understood they would always lead the charge on the field and form the rearguard in retreat. Kerns were lightly armed and armored, frequently used guerilla tactics to harry and ambush their enemies, using sling, javelin, and dart. The login page will open in a new tab. A century earlier when Dermot MacMurrough, deposed and exiled ruler of the Irish Kingdom of Leinster, had sought help from English King Henry II to regain his throne, he opened a Pandora’s box. rary basis, generally for periods of around three months. They were a significant part of Irish infantry before the advent of gunpowder, and depended upon seasonal service with Irish chieftains. Their prominence had a price, however, as attrition rates among their ranks were staggering. After the combined Irish defeat at the Battle of Kinsale in 1601, recruitment of gallowglass waned, although Scottish Highland mercenaries continued to come to Ireland until the 1640s (notably Alasdair Mac Colla). The hit list might include members of the lord’s own family. That is if u dont mind, and if you can ever find the time, Please I would be delighted if I could find out details about these names Please. Grammar: gallóglach (singular); gallóglaoigh (plural), Fascinating info from an ocasaide of belcoo Co Fermanagh, Hi The Warrior Galloglass Surnames of Ireland. In describing their “most barbarous life and condition,” Spenser observed, “They spoil as well the good subjects as the enemy; they steal, they are cruel and bloody, full of revenge and deadly executions, swearers and blasphemers, ravishers of women and murderers of children.” Stanihurst ascribed to them an odium humanitatis—hatred of humanity—while Dymmok denounced them as “naturally cruel—without compassion.” Cannan deemed them “especially, often needlessly, destructive,” adding, “Reveling in the chaos of war and repulsed by peace, [they] combined many of the worst aspects of medieval Scotland and Ireland—a chimera of Scottish excessive violence and Irish anarchic nihilism.” To be frank, that lack of compassion almost certainly stemmed from daily exposure to—and dismissal of—death as merely an occupational happenstance. According to period records, each Gallowglass received “one beef for his wages and two beefs for his feeding and diet.” In addition to his deed of land, the constable generally earned 10 to 20 times the pay of his subordinates. With the subjugation of the feudal clan system, the warrior caste that had dominated the battlefields of Ireland for more than three centuries was no more. The word kern is an anglicisation of Middle Irish ceithern or ciethrenn, meaning a collection of fighting men. By 1512, there were reported to be fifty-nine groups throughout the country under the control of the Irish nobility.
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