Sagittal proton density-weighted magnetic resonance image shows ill-defined anterior cruciate ligament with increased signal intensity and a celery stalk appearance of intact fibers. [6], in 62% of patients (18 of 29) in the study of Lintz et al. After arthroscopic debridement of the lesion, the patient regained full range of motion of the knee and were pain-free at follow-up. Cookies policy. However, the authors did not report whether there were any other patients with symptomatic instability. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jajs.2015.12.001, Ventura D, Nuez JH, Joshi-Jubert N, Castellet E, Minguell J (2018) Outcome of arthroscopic treatment of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. . Glossary of terms for musculoskeletal radiology. Arthroscopic diagnostic criteria [7] are (1) continuous ACL fibres, (2) increased ACL volume, (3) yellowish-coloured material expressed on palpation and (4) loss of ACL synovial lining. Epub 2011 Feb 18. Physiotherapy. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal These appearances must be differentiated from mucoid degeneration of the intact ACL. the degree of laxity, and the patient's age and willingness to pursue vigorous postoperative physical therapy are other major determinants. (48.2% (14/29 patients) with symptomatic instability), which may be due to the large number of patients with total resection of the ACL (58.6% (17 out of 29 patients)) (Table 4). It is a chronic degenerative change of a bulky ACL that may lead to notch impingement syndrome in the absence of instability symptoms and significant trauma history [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. Arthroscopic debridement may help relieve the anterior knee pain. Imaging: Plain radiographs 2007;90(3):1923. Mucoid degeneration of ACL Justamom21 Feb 17, 2023 7:27 AM Among other conditions - osteoarthritis, osteopenia, spondylolisthesis- an MRI report showed "severe mucoid degeneration of the ACL" in my left knee. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2008.02.004, Morice A, Coupry A, Lintz F, Robert H (2013) Reduction plasty for hypertrophic anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: clinical and knee laxity outcomes in 23 cases. Mucoid degeneration itself is described as a yellow or brown substance which can be either seen through the most anterior fibers of the ACL or found by probing between them [ 19, 35] (Fig. An official website of the United States government. 1. Reduction plasty for hypertrophic anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: clinical and knee laxity outcomes in 23 cases. Epub 2018 Aug 22. Post-debridement arthroscopic view showing yellowish, Post-debridement arthroscopic view showing yellowish lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament which was, MeSH TS designed the project, literature search and wrote the manuscript. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript. Each study was scored 02 on each question, with a global ideal score of 16. Postoperative pain relief ranged from 53.8 to 95%. Terms and Conditions, Background: Mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare pathological entity with disputed theories of origin. Int J Curr Res Aca Rev 4(11):1824 http://www.ijcrar.com/abstractview.php?ID=228&vol=4-11-2016&SNo=3, Kim TH, Lee DH, Lee SH, Kim JM, Kim CW, Bin SI (2008) Arthroscopic treatment of mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament. 287 (3): 912-921. Mucoid degenerated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) managed by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: A case series. In contrast to the tear, mucoid degeneration of the ACL characteristically does not cause knee instability [20, 21, 22]. With cruciate ligament ganglia, intact ACL fibers can often be visualized coursing through or around the cyst. Patients and methods: -. Recent studies have reported that the prevalence of ACL mucoid degeneration is approximately 2-14% [20, 23, 24, 25]. Sometimes, it is mislead as ACL tear on MRI findings, hence requires probing and histopathology for definitive diagnosis. and transmitted securely. did not report on this. All nine included studies utilized MRI of the knee to establish a radiological diagnosis as an inclusion criterion. A long duration of non-specific knee pain in a patient should be evaluated with MRI. This study concerns complete ACL resection as a treatment of mucoid degenerated ACL. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Skeletal Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2003.11.030, Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. 2011 Aug;19(8):1326-33. doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1433-0. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) criteria [11] (Table1). Hamdaoui and others published Le signe de la branche de cleri | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate what causes mucoid degeneration of acl. On physical exam, the Lachman test for ACL instability is negative with an ACL ganglion. JBR-BTR. Epub 2010 May 8. Shimasaki K, Yoshioka T, Kanamori A, Yamazaki M. Case Rep Orthop. 2004;182 (5): 1283-7. There was a high rate of association between degenerative lesions and MDACL, ranging from 39 to 96%. Accessed 1 Mar 2021. Functional Outcome of Arthroscopic Debridement of Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) was first described in the literature in 1999.1 Since then, MD-ACL has been recognized as a pathology present on between 0.7% and 5.3% of magnetic resonance images performed for knee pain.2 MD-ACL is thought to be part of a spectrum of ACL disease that can range from ganglion cysts to MD.3 MD-ACL can either be primary (idiopathic . This ranged from 90 to 95% in all studies, except in the report by Kim et al., where only 53.8% of patients (57/106) had complete pain relief after surgery. Ever since mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) was named by Kumar et al. Treatment for MDACL usually starts non-surgically with anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy. An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mucoid degeneration, along with tears and anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, is a relatively common cause of increased signal within the. [18] did not comment on an association between MDACL and chondral or meniscal lesions: after the exclusion of that report, the total number of patients with associated chondral lesions was 226 out of 275 patients (82%) and 190 patients had meniscal lesions (69%). 2018. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2325967118786930, Pandey V, Suman C, Sharma S, Rao SP, Kiran Acharya K, Sambaji C (2014) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: management and outcome. Thirteen patients were treated with complete ACL resection for symptomatic MD of the ACL from 2006-2016. There is strong association between MDACL and chondral and meniscal lesions, which may support the theory that MDACL is a degenerative process. 2010 Jun;96(4):400-6. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2010.02.008. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Before mucoid degeneration acl symptoms. . Arthroscopy. Mucoid degeneration,: like degenerative arthritis of a joint, generally occurs as a results of aging. [17] do not mention whether any patients underwent biopsy (Table 3). Morice et al. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018087782. Open Grey database was searched for grey literature using the same keywords. Symptoms included limited range of motion (ROM) and posterior knee pain. Clinical Outcomes, Return to Sports, and Patient Satisfaction After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Young and Middle-Aged Patients in an Asian Population-A 2-Year Follow-up Study. proposed a different intervention called reduction plasty, whereby the hypertrophic ACL is reduced to normal size without excision of all mucoid substance [17]. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies It results in postoperative laxity, but rarely in frank instability. Pain was posterior in 23 knees (80%). J Arthrosc Joint Surg 3(1):2833. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.101037, Srivastava A, Pateliya S, Singh H, Aggarwal S, Srivastava S (2016) Mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament management and functional outcome of 18 cases. Method. Cite this article. Despite the low rate of complications in all studies, there was a high incidence of postoperative knee laxity, demonstrated by a positive Lachman test, in most studies. Average postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were 71.2 (42.5 to 92.0) and 78.2 (26.4 to 99). Level of evidence: and transmitted securely. MeSH 2011. el Kadi KI, Marcaillou F, Blanc S, Salloum B, Dimontagliari C, Boutayeb F. Pan Afr Med J. J Chin Med Assoc. -, Fealy S, Kenter K, Dines JS, Warren RF. Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is suspected when an apparently thickened and ill-defined ligament with increased signal intensity on all sequences in MRI is identified in a patient with physically intact ligament and no obvious trauma history. in 1999 [1]. For non-comparative studies, this consists of eight questions. Bergin D, Morrison WB, Carrino JA et-al. Second, methodological quality assessment showed that three studies had low methodological quality. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 99(6):693697, Khanna G, Sharma R, Bhardwaj A, Gurdutta HS, Agrawal DK, Rathore AS (2016) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: partial arthroscopic debridement and outcomes. Arthroscopic treatment of mucoid hypertrophy of the anterior cruciate ligament. When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. In that case, mucoid degeneration can be extruded from the ligament and will be removed in the saline flow. just over two decades ago [], the interest in this condition has quickly gathered pace in the orthopaedic community.Little is known about this condition that affects 1.8-5.3% of the population as per magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis [2, 3]. Bergin et al. . AJR Am J Roentgenol. J Clin Epidemiol 62(10):10061012. 2022 Mar;14(1):76-89. doi: 10.4055/cios20163. 2011 Aug 1;19(8):1326-33. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us"}, Gaillard F, Roberts D, Saber M, et al. Download Citation | On Feb 1, 2023, O.R. The reported restriction of range of movement was flexion deficit in four studies [3, 13, 15, 17], extension deficit in one study [14] and combined flexion and extension deficit in four studies [6, 16, 18, 19] (Table4). 2011. Would you like email updates of new search results? This may support the theory that it is a degenerative process. Therefore, Anterior Cruciate Ligament tear is more susceptible during any injury to the knee. In this review, the mean age of patients ranged from 31 to 78years; mean age was highest in the study of Kim et al. Sixty-one patients underwent T2*WI and PDWI at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Complete resection of the ACL without ACL reconstruction is a reliable treatment for symptomatic cases of mucoid degenerated ACL. Conclusions. Physical therapy typically begins 7-10 days after the procedure. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is regarded as a degenerative change in the ligament, which is clinically presented with pain on full extension or flexion in the middle-aged population. Its function is to stabilize the knee while bending and rotating; the ACL also keeps the knee from shifting out of place or moving anteriorly (toward the front) with pivoting activities. Anatomopathology samples were collected in 18 cases. They reported that a biopsy indicated mucoid degeneration and a relief of symptoms could be obtained through arthroscopic partial resection of the ligament. Some case reports have been published; however, it is difficult to diagnose and is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed because of its pathophysiological ambiguity. The ACL appears on MRI to be enlarged with cystic changes throughout, however it is intact. Symptomatic ACL mucoid degeneration in middle-age athletes. MUCOID DEGENERATION OF ACL - ARTHROSCOPIC TREATMENT 2,375 views Sep 15, 2019 23 Dislike Dr. Prateek Joshi- Ortho 1.02K subscribers Notice Age-restricted video (based on Community Guidelines). W B Saunders Co. (2005) ISBN:0721602703. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Dietary management and various treatments Scanning and diagnostic . Slim K, Nini E, Forestier D, Kwiatkowski F, Panis Y, Chipponi J (2003) Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS): development and validation of a new instrument. Twenty-eight knees (97%) showed soft and/or delayed stops on postoperative Lachman testing. Mucoid degeneration of ACL is a disease affecting ACL in which mucoid like substance (glycosaminoglycans) gets interspersed within the substance of ACL and as a result ACL gets thickened. Radiologic findings associated with mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. MRI - Interstitial ACL tear With Mild knee joint effusion ,No evidence of discontinuation of fibre Can Interstitial ACL tear heal without surgery Asked for Male, 22 Years 78 Views v Dr. Abhishek Kaushik Joint Replacement Surgeon | Delhi 1/1 people found this helpful Hi. PMC Treatment modalities for ACL ganglion cyst include arthroscopic excision or puncture, CT scan, and ultrasound-guided aspiration [25-26]. This study concerns complete ACL resec https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.81B2.0810304, Article What causes mucoid degeneration of ACL? Cho SD, Youm YS, Lee CC et-al. Treatment of ACL mucoid degeneration by arthroscopic resection is effective for posterior pain and flexion limitation. Background: Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an uncommon non-traumatic cause of knee pain and motion restriction, typically seen in a middle-aged population. Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: selecting the best treatment option. Arthroscopy. Preoperative and postoperative results of eleven patient were compared. Introduction Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a little-known pathology. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. 2009 Jul;17(7):737-40. doi: 10.1007/s00167-008-0690-z. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) by performing a systematic review of methods of treatment that have been reported. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted What is myxoid degeneration treatment? It is a chronic degenerative change of a bulky ACL that may lead to notch . Accessibility This is a characteristic appearance of ACL mucoid degeneration where the ACL is expanded and hyperintense but is still continuous with normal alignment. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Keywords used for the Search were mucoid degeneration, anterior cruciate ligament and ACL. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to look into the results of the management of MDACL. 2012 Sep;46(5):561-5. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.101037. Arthroscopic debridement of the mucoid degeneration of the ACL was safe and effective in the patient. government site. Pandey, Vivek et al. Bergin et al. Accessibility It contrasts with cystic lesions better known as synovial cysts or intercondylar fossa cysts. Google Scholar, Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Bargoin K, Beaufils P, Dejour D (2011) Anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration: a review of the literature and management guidelines. Mucoid degeneration of both ACL and PCL. Arthroscopic debridement of the ACL was the intervention in eight studies, whereas Morice et al. 8600 Rockville Pike Arthroscopic treatment may include ACL resection, which raises the questions about the harmlessness of this procedure and the risk of anterior instability. Clin Orthop Surg 10(3):307314. It is commonly identified on MRI in association with other pathological findings and can be confused with partial ACL tears. There was strong association with chondral lesions and meniscal tears. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee can cause knee pain and other symptoms. Bookshelf All patients (100%, n=11) reported an improvement in pain. Generally, we know little about this condition. MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ISI web of science and Scopus were comprehensively searched from the earliest year of indexing until 10 July 2020. Introduction: What is Anterior Cruciate Ligament Mucoid Degeneration? Arthroscopic debridement of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) results in satisfactory pain relief and improvement in knee outcome scores. All rights reserved. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MDACL) is a rare entity, first described by Kumar et al. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. What Is Mucoid Degeneration of the ACL? Before The .gov means its official. Role of ultrasound-guided decompression in management of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. 8600 Rockville Pike Coronal proton density-weighted magnetic resonance imaging shows a thickening of the anterior cruciate ligament. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Therefore, indications for ACL resection must be carefully selected. Careers. Epub 2010 May 8. Anterior cruciate ligament ganglia and mucoid degeneration: coexistence and clinical correlation. Treatment options include non-operative management, arthroscopic debridement with a biceps tenotomy or tenodesis, complete or partial repair, patch augmentation, superior capsular reconstruction, muscle/tendon transfer and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Outcome of Arthroscopic Treatment of Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament. The site is secure. . Arthroscopic debridement of the mucoid degeneration of the ACL was safe and effective in the patient. The retrospective study by Kim et al. Study record managers: refer to the Data Element Definitions if submitting registration or results information.. Search for terms 2011;19(3):408411. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament: Management and outcome.. It can cause pain and to a meniscal tear. Lintz F, Pujol N, Dejour D, Boisrenoult P, Beaufils P. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. Conclusions Our study provides further evidence that arthroscopic total or partial excision of anterior cruciate ligament is a safe and effective treatment for mucoid degeneration of the anterior . Postoperative clinical laxity was common, however, symptomatic instability was not. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 04 Mar 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-3615, Case 11: with Hoffa fat pad ganglion cyst, Case 12: tibial nerve schwannoma and ACL mucoid degeneration, Case 1: Complete ACL tear and meniscal tears, Case 2: Anomalous insertion of the medial meniscus, View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures, see full revision history and disclosures, anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts, anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture, Ahlback classification system in assessing osteoarthritis of the knee joint, Kellgren and Lawrence system for classification of osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration, MRI grading system for meniscal signal intensity, Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament, congenital or acquired synovial tissue entrapment between ACL fibers. There was more than 20% loss to follow up in the study of Kim et al., while the three prospective studies had no loss to follow up [13, 14, 18]. A historical cohort of patients who underwent arthroscopic total or partial excision of the anterior cruciate ligament due to mucoid degeneration between 2011 and 2014 were reviewed. Any discrepancy was resolved by the senior author. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare cause of anterior knee pain (AKP). There was no mention in the other three studies [13, 15, 18] of whether other procedures were performed simultaneously. Histological diagnosis was established by tissue biopsy in all patients in five studies, with a total of 87 knees. 2004 Feb;20(2):141-6. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2003.11.030. Arthroscopic examination analyzed the ACL aspect and its associated lesions (meniscus, cartilage). Meniscectomy was undertaken in 11 cases (41%). Before Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very rare cause of knee pain. bling. Check for errors and try again. -, Hodler J, Haghighi P, Trudell D, Resnick D. The cruciate ligaments of the knee: Correlation between MR appearance and gross and histologic findings in cadaveric specimens. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The total number of patients with symptomatic instability was 18 out of 288 (6%). Questions just answered: mucoid degeneration of acl physiotherapy. 2011. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. ACL mucoid degeneration is present on ~10% (range 9-12%) of 3 T MRI examinations and 2% of 1.5 T MRI examinations 6. The pathogenesis remains controversial. The quality of methodology was excellent in one study, good in five studies, low in two studies and very low in one study (Tables 1 and 2). Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. The .gov means its official. Mucoid degeneration (MD) is a rare pathological affection of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). https://doi.org/10.1007/s002560100336, Narvekar A, Gajjar S (2004) Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament. 2011. Clinical outcome was reported using a variety of scores (the Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) score) in the different studies; these are summarized in Table 4. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. Epub 2021 Mar 8. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. "Traumatic theory - post injury, ACL fibroblasts secrete glycosaminoglycans, the mucin substance within the ACL. Google Scholar, Salvati F, Rossi F, Limbucci N, Pistoia ML, Barile A, Masciocchi C (2008) Mucoid metaplastic-degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. Anterior Cruciate Ligament, is an important structure of the knee joint. Arthroscopy. MeSH We herein describe a case of PCL mucoid degeneration presented with secondary ACL . A total of 313 knees in 292 patients were included. Partial resection of the anterior cruciate ligament was done in seven cases and a complete resection in 18 cases. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. The extracted data were heterogeneous in terms of outcome assessment. Treatment of ACL mucoid degeneration by arthroscopic resection is effective for posterior pain and flexion limitation. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2018.10.3.307, University Hospitals of Derby and Burton, Uttoxeter Rd, Derby, DE22 3NE, UK, Trauma and Orthopaedic Speciality Trainee, West Midlands Deanery, Birmingham Rotation, Birmingham, UK, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Clifford Bridge Road, Walsgrave, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK, You can also search for this author in See this image and copyright information in PMC. Knee. government site. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flowchart illustrating the selections of trials included in the systematic review. GG and AM interpreted the results and reviewed the manuscript. Anatomically, it is arranged in a crossed pattern with the Posterior Cruciate Ligament, forming an 'X', therefore, it is also known as cruciform ligament. 2013 Oct;99(6):693-7. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2013.04.010. The appearance can mimic acute or chronic interstitial partial tears of the ACL. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. Anterior cruciate ligament; Arthroscopy; Knee; Mucoid degeneration. Score: 4.7/5 (45 votes) . Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Multiple theories have been put forth that explains the pathological disorganization in the collagen fibers of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, such as synovial, traumatic, and degenerative, "Synovial theory- states that there is accumulation of synovial fluid inside the substance of ACL in a herniated pouch of synovium. I get PT and acupuncture, have had several epidural injections, and am trying hard to avoid osteoporosis meds (was on bisphosphonates for many years many years ago) as well as spinal fusion. Palmer W, Bancroft L, Bonar F, Choi JA, Cotten A, Griffith JF, Robinson P, Pfirrmann CW. Conclusion: 2. . What you feel (symptoms) You feel heaviness in knee joint. Loganathan D, Soma Sundar S, Sundar S, Sahanand S, Rajan DV. Postoperative symptomatic instability was not common in eight studies, but was observed in 48% of patients in the study of Lintz et al., with two patients having a delayed ACL reconstruction. Sep 2017 - Feb 20186 months. Not really known: Mucoid degeneration of the ACL is seen most commonly in adults (35-55 years of age). Preoperative assessment included a questionnaire, clinical examination (Lachman and pivot shift tests), MRI and standard radiography. Secondary signs include bone bruising, meniscal tears, anterior subluxation of the tibia and other ligamentous injuries. Mucoid degeneration (MD) of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a rare pathological entity that has been found in patients with pain and limited range of motion of the knee in association with a bulky ACL shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arthroscopic management of mucoid degeneration of anterior cruciate ligament. Tamer Sweed. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was required in only one young patient due to disabling instability. All nine studies were case series; six were retrospective and three were prospective studies. Mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament is a rare pathological entity. Furthermore, this raises the question as to whether the symptoms (pain and diminished range of movement) were solely due to MDACL and not secondary to other associated pathological conditions. This study was registered on PROSPERO [10], an international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42018087782). Due to the heterogeneity of data, a meta-analysis was not possible, and a narrative review was deemed most appropriate. government site. Young and active patients should be warned about the risk of requiring secondary ligamentoplasty. (100%). Level of Evidence: Level IV. Epub 2013 Aug 27. Roberts CC, Towers JD, Spangehl MJ et-al. Other theories include Degenerative theory- MD could occur due to ageing.[3]. Indian J Orthop 48(2):197202. On MRI, the ligament is thickened and ill-defined with a "celery stalk" appearance. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Lintz F, Pujol N, Boisrenoult P, Bargoin K, Beaufils P, Dejour D. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. Six studies reported using the pivot shift test; unsurprisingly, Lintz et al. Patients in all studies presented with central or posterior knee pain, mainly with terminal extension in three studies [14, 16, 17].
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