Vasili Arkhipov memiliki peranan yang amat krusial dalam mencegah perang nuklir yang hampir terjadi . Thankfully, the captain didnt have sole discretion over the launch. Had it been launched, the fate of the world would have been very different: the attack would probably have started a nuclear war which would have caused global devastation, with unimaginable numbers of civilian deaths. He knew what he was doing. In his account, the captain, Savitsky, was blinded and shocked by the bright lights and sounds of explosions and could not even understand what was happening as he came up on the conning tower. Whether my life has changed since then? [2] The radiation to which Arkhipov had been exposed in 1961 may have contributed to his kidney cancer, like many others who served with him in the K-19 accident.[16]. Had he assented to the decision to fire a nuclear torpedo, likely vaporizing a US aircraft carrier and killing thousands of sailors, it would have been far more difficult for Kennedy and Khrushchev to step back from the brink. My mother had no idea either of where my father had been sent or of what his orders were. But Soviet naval officer Vasili Arkhipov was, in the words of a top American, the guy who saved the world.. The situation then became even hotter. On that day, Arkhipov was serving aboard the nuclear-armed Soviet submarine B-59 in international waters near Cuba. Arkhipov sangat aktif dalam bidang kemiliteran Uni Soviet saat remaja. Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (Russian: , 30 January 1926 - 19 August 1998) was a Soviet Navy officer credited with preventing a Soviet nuclear strike (and, presumably, all-out nuclear war) during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Alex Murdaugh sentenced to two life terms for murdering his wife and son. Millions turn to Vox to educate themselves, their family, and their friends about whats happening in the world around them, and to learn about things that spark their curiosity. "[20] Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., an advisor for the John F. Kennedy administration and a historian, continued this thought by stating "This was not only the most dangerous moment of the Cold War. As flotilla commander and second-in-command of the diesel powered submarine B-59, Arkhipov refused to . It was anyway forbidden to talk about this subject. [24][25] Similarly, Denzel Washington's character in Crimson Tide (1995) is an officer who refused to affirm the launch orders of a submarine captain. Copyright 2012-2023 The Gentleman's Journal. In 1961, Arkhipov served on K-19, a nuclear submarine infamous among Soviet officers for its breakdowns and accidents it even had the nickname, Hiroshima. In July 1961, K-19 was conducting exercises in the North Atlantic when its reactor broke down, losing coolant. The true story of Russian naval officer Vasili Arkhipov who stopped a nuclear firestorm and saved the United States, and the world. As the U.S. Navy pursued Soviet submarines armed with nuclear torpedoes off the coast of Cuba, only the composure of Captain Vasily Arkhipov saved the world. The K-19 was then towed home. It is clear that he is very unhappy about journalist Alexander Mozgovoys revelation (based on Vadim Orlovs account) of the near-use of the nuclear torpedo, which he sees as part of the plot to denigrate and defame prominent Soviet military and naval leaders and destroy the Soviet Armed Forces. Arkhipov describes the events of October 27, when his submarine had to surface because of exhausted batteries while being pursued by U.S. anti-submarine forces. In a situation as complex and pressured as the Cuban missile crisis, when both sides were operating with limited information, a ticking clock, and tens of thousands of nuclear warheads (most, it should be noted, possessed by the US), no single act was truly definitive for war or peace. From the very beginning, the Cuban missile crisis in 1962 threatened world-scale disaster. The US ships began dropping depth charges around the sub. Google Pay. Reader support helps us keep our explainers free for all. In this same interview, Olga alluded to her husband's possible superstitious beliefs as well. Vasili Arkhipov lahir pada tanggal 30 Januari 1926 dalam keluarga petani sederhana di kota Staraya Kupavna, dekat Moskow. Maybe World War III had started already? The sub returned to the surface, headed away from Cuba, and steamed back toward the Soviet Union. While the action was designed to encourage the Soviet submarines to surface, the crew of B-59 had been incommunicado and so were unaware of the intention. Easy. Historians posted . Vasili Arkhipov (1960's). Cut off from communication with the outside world, the panicked Soviet sailors feared that they were now under attack. As such, he shared all of his knowledge and experience with people irrespective of their nationality and origin. When they did so on the B-59, the captain Valentin Grigorievitch Savitsky believed that war had broken out and accordingly wanted to fire a nuclear torpedo at the vessels firing them on. They include difficulty of securing accurate intelligence, and the unpredictability of events. It was then that former Soviet officer Vadim Orlov, who was on the B-59 with Arkhipov, revealed what had happened on that fateful day 40 years before when one man most likely saved the world. But there was an important caveat: all three senior officers on board had to agree to deploy the weapon. The two superpowers were never closer to nuclear war than they were during those 13 days. It was the height of the Cuban missile crisis, which began earlier that month when a US U-2 spy plane spotted evidence of newly built installations on Cuba, where it turned out that Soviet military advisers were helping to build sites capable of launching nuclear missiles at the US, less than 100 miles away. They then dove deep to conceal their presence after being spotted by the Americans and were thus cut off from communication with the surface. The radiation level jumped dangerously; many crew members and officers were in panic, and tried to riot. This period made a strong impression on him and it made a significant contribution to the development of his personality, the formation of his character and his feeling of responsibility towards the lives of other people. He showed the same level of composure off the coast of Cuba a . As second-in-command of a nuclear-armed submarine during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Arkhipov blocked the captain's decision to launch a nuclear torpedo against the US Navy, likely averting a large-scale nuclear war.Reflecting on this incident forty years later, Thomas Blanton, director of the . Broicherdorfstrae 53 It is worth noting that when coming under fire Arkhipov knew he was risking two things; getting killed by simply surfacing if a shooting war was in fact underway and starting a nuclear war by returning fire in such a manner if one wasnt underway. Between October 16 and October 28, 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis saw the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a potentially cataclysmic standoff. With tensions running high (and the air conditioning out), the conditions inside the sub had begun to deteriorate quickly as the crew grew ever more fearful. Arkhipov continued in Soviet Navy service, commanding submarines and later submarine squadrons. When he was home he would return very late, and then hed leave the house very early again the next morning in his military capacity. Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (Russian ) IPA vsilj lksandrvt arxipf (30 January 1926 19 August 1998) was a Soviet Navy officer credited with casting the single vote that prevented a Soviet nuclear strike (and, presumably, allout nuclear war) during . But, says Thomas Blanton, the former director of the nongovernmental National Security Archive, simply put, this "guy called Vasili Arkhipov saved the world." (Krulwich 2). Deeply impressed, Thomas Blanton, director of the U.S. National Security Archive, said: The lesson from this is that a guy called Vasily Arkhipov saved the world. The conference participants agreed, but no one would ever hear Arkhipovs viewpoint. Easy. But the midshipman said nothing, only suggesting that Vasili Arkhipov would not be coming home today. Homo sapiens have existed on the planet for about 300,000 years, or more than 109 million days. In 2002, Thomas S. Blanton, then director of the U.S. National Security Archive, credited Arkhipov as "the man who saved the world". After a typical public-school education, Arkhipov enrolled in the Pacific Higher Naval School - a facility that . Difficult. My father, Vasili Arkhipov, was Chief of Staff of the 69th Submarine Brigade of the Northern Fleet when, in October 1962, he was commissioned by the Navy High Command to undertake a top secret mission. Nevertheless, my mother wondered why she had been brought his jacket. Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov (Russian: ) was a Soviet Navy officer who is credited with averting nuclear war during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 by preventing the launch of a nuclear-armed torpedo from the Soviet submarine on which he served. Trapped in the sweltering submarine the air-conditioning was no longer working the crew feared death. All three senior officers had to agree, and Vasili Arkhipov, the 36-year-old second captain and brigade chief of staff, refused to give his assent. Despite being in international waters, the United States Navy started dropping signaling depth charges, which were intended to force the submarine to come to the surface for identification. In reaction to the bombardment of the U.S. Navy, two of the three officers in command of the Soviet B-59 submarine decided to launch a nuclear torpedo. It is clear that he is very unhappy about journalist Alexander Mozgovoy's revelation (based on Vadim Orlov's account) of the near-use of the nuclear torpedo, which he sees as part of the plot to "denigrate and defame prominent Soviet military and . My father was deputy commander under the command of Nikolai Zateyev. Hes going to sea! was all he added. Vasili Arkhipov was born on January 30, 1926, to a peasant family in Staraya Kupavna - a small town on the outskirts of Moscow. A BIOGRAPHY OF THE MAN WHO STOPPED WORLD WAR III. The US Navy ships began dropping depth charges around the submarine, called the B-59, rocking it violently from side to side. Off the coast of Cuba, 11 American destroyers and an aircraft carrier had surrounded one of the submarines, B-59. He lay in a Navy hospital in Leningrad, having survived the events unhurt. The Man Who Saved the World: With Jay O. Sanders, Viktor Mikhailov, Olga Arkhipova, Andy Bradick. In 1961, he became deputy commander of the new Hotel-class missile submarine K-19. An argument broke out between the three of them, with only Arkhipov against the launch. Vasili saw his first military action as a minesweeper in the Pacific Theater at the tail end of World War II. In 1962, during the Cold War, the Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev did something very risky. He then presented the Soviets with an ultimatum, demanding that they remove the nuclear missiles from Cuba. The depth charges were exploding closer and closer. He is considered to be a world hero who is credited with casting the single vote that prevented a Soviet nuclear strike, which would have caused a major global thermonuclear response and most likely destroyed much of the world. At that time eight people died as a result of the radioactivity that was released. But the third officer, captain Vasily Arkhipov, who was in charge of the whole flotilla, convinced his colleagues that launching a nuclear torpedo was too dangerous a decision to make. With no orders or news from Moscow for a week, under tremendous strain and in the appalling conditions, Captain Savitsky suddenly cracked and announced that he was going to use the Special Weapon. The detonation of this weapon formed a huge plume of radioactive water from its detonation force of some 4.8 kilotonnes. However the order for a launch needed 3 approvals and Arkhipov refused. Please consider making a one-time contribution to Vox today. In his lecture my father spoke about the submarine escort deployments in connection with operation Kama. Indeed it was retrospectively appreciated just how close nuclear war really was during that time. But at the peak of the crisis, one Soviet naval officer managed to keep a cool head and avert nuclear devastation. All rights reserved. Fax: 202/994-7005Contact by email. The photograph above shows Vasili Arkhipov in 1953 when he was officer aboard the M . What the U.S. Navy didnt realize was that the B-59 was armed with a nuclear torpedo, one theyd been instructed to use without waiting for approval if their submarine or their Soviet homeland was under fire. He was educated in the Pacific Higher Naval School and participated in the SovietJapanese War in August 1945, serving aboard a minesweeper. He died an unsung hero and even to this day the fateful decision he took on October 27, 1962, is relatively unacknowledged and not widely known. In a dramatic confrontation, Arkhipov over-ruled Savitsky and, moreover, ordered the submarine to surface, which it did unmolested, and sailed home. Vasili Aleksandrovich Arkhipov ( ting Nga: ; sinh ngy 30 thng 1 nm 1926 - mt ngy 19 thng 8 nm 1998) l mt s quan hi qun Lin X. You can also contribute via, By submitting your email, you agree to our, 60 years ago today, this man stopped the Cuban missile crisis from going nuclear, This story is part of a group of stories called, Sign up for the One evening she was preparing dinner, as she waited for my father, when the doorbell rang. Vasili Arkhipov was born on January 30th, 1926 to a poor, peasant family near Moscow in the town of Staraya Kupavna. Trapped in a diesel-powered submarine thousands of miles from home, buffeted by exploding depth charges and threatened with suffocation and death, Arkhipov kept his head. Such an attack likely would have caused a major global thermonuclear response, destroying large parts of the Northern Hemisphere.[1]. Then, experience the best photos and stories from the Cold War. To receive the latest in style, watches, cars and luxury news, plus receive great offers from the worlds greatest brands every Friday. He did his part for the future so that everyone can live on our planet.. So yes, I do worry just like practically all of the other inhabitants of our planet! Wikimedia CommonsOne of the American spy plane images photographs missile sites in Cuba that helped instigate the crisis. Mr. Arkhipov had come a long way from the peasant family that lived near Moscow in which he had grown up. The Faces of Peace initiative was founded in 2019 as the peace-building equivalent to the Faces of Democracy initiative. Then an American fleet detected submarine B59, harassing her by dropping small practice depth-charges to frighten her into surfacing. We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our site, show personalized content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audiences come from. Ultimately, it was luck as much as management that ensured that the missile crisis ended without the most dreadful consequences., Thank you Vasili Arkhipov, the man who stopped nuclear war | Edward Wilson, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning. Kaarst - Germany A midshipman stood there with my fathers uniform jacket a warm leather military jacket that was lined with fur. That included its captain, Valentin Savitsky, who according to a report from the US National Security Archive, exclaimed: Were gonna blast them now! That close call sobered both leaders, leading them to open back-channel negotiations that eventually led to a withdrawal of Soviet missiles in Cuba, a later pullback of US missiles in Turkey in response, and the end of the closest the world has yet come to total nuclear war. Over the course of two years, 15 more sailors died from the after-effects. After retirement he quietly lived with his family in the Moscow Region. But the sub had a weapon at its disposal that US officers didnt know about: a 10-kiloton nuclear torpedo. In der Rubrik Sieben Fragen an stellen wir zudem regelmig interessanten Persnlichkeiten sieben Fragen zu den Themen Friedensschaffung und Friedenserhaltung, Sicherheitspolitik sowie Konfliktprvention. In 1962, Soviet submarine officer Vasili Arkhipov refused to launch a nuclear torpedo, averting a potential WWIII. As the crisis escalated, U.S. naval vessels, clearly unaware of the fact that Soviet submarines operating in the area were carrying nuclear torpedoes, dropped depth charges on those vessels in a bid to get them to surface so that they would not break the United States naval blockade on Cuba. A senior officer of a Soviet submarine who averted the outbreak of nuclear conflict during the cold war is to be honoured with a new prize, 55 years to the day after his heroic actions averted global catastrophe. Through a series of tense negotiations over the coming days, the Americans and the Soviets worked out a deal to end the conflict. It is with this in mind, Gentlemen, that we introduce you to our new contributor, Donough OBrien, who will be imparting his wisdom on obscure and unknown Gentlemen from throughout history withextractsfrom his book Who? The most remarkable people youve never heard of. The escalation of military tensions and conflicts in which people are killed also unsettles me. Mobil: +49 (0) 177-3132744. [26] Leon Ockenden portrayed Arkhipov in Season 12 Episode 1 of Secrets of the Dead, titled "The Man Who Saved the World". As for Arkhipov, after those two dangerous episodes in the early 1960s, he continued to serve in the Soviet Navy, eventually being promoted to rear admiral and becoming head of the Kirov Naval Academy. 3 /5. The $50,000 prize will be presented to Arkhipovs grandson, Sergei, and Andriukova at the Institute of Engineering and Technology on Friday evening. Each week, we explore unique solutions to some of the world's biggest problems. Will you support Voxs explanatory journalism? As flotilla Commodore as well as executive officer of the diesel powered submarine B-59, Arkhipov refused to authorize the captain and the political officer's use of nuclear torpedoes against the United States Navy, a decision which required the agreement of all three officers. [13], In 1997 Arkhipov himself wrote that after surfacing, his submarine was fired on by American aircraft: "the plane, flying over the conning tower, 1 to 3 seconds before the start of fire [9], Unlike other Soviet submarines armed with the "Special Weapon", where only the captain and the political officer were required to authorize a nuclear launch, the authorization of all three officers on board the B-59 were needed instead; this was due to Arkhipov's position as Commodore of the flotilla. Whatever reasons the Soviets and Cubans had, the Americans now needed to deal with this tremendous perceived threat to their national security. In the Seven questions to category we furthermore put seven questions on the issues of peace-building and peace-keeping, security policy and conflict prevention to interesting personalities. According to a report from the US National Security Archive, Savitsky exclaimed: Were gonna blast them now! Initiative Gesichter des Friedens | Faces of Peace The long-range radio had also been disabled during another incident, rendering the sub unable to contact its HQ in Moscow. Vazsily Arkhipov in his Vice Admiral uniform. The Soviets wanted to shore up their nuclear strike capabilities against the U.S. (which had recently placed missiles in Turkey, bordering the Soviet Union, as well as Italy) and the Cubans wanted to prevent the Americans from attempting another invasion of the island like the unsuccessful one theyd launched in April 1961. The timing of the award, Fihn added, is apt. In fact, Washington had issued a message stating they would be using practice depth charges to force Soviet submarines they determined to be in breach of their blockade to surface. Commander Nikolai Shumkov commanded the K-19s maiden voyage, and his task was to test a torpedo fitted with a nuclear warhead. vasili arkhipov. However, Vasili Arkhipov remained in the Soviet Navy until the 1980s and eventually died at the age of 72 in 1998. He knew what he was doing. That was 1945 and my father was deputy commander of Military Brigade 1. Arkhipov's submarine captain, thinking their sub was under attack by American forces, wanted to launch a nuclear weapon at the ships above. Born in 1926, Arkhipov saw action as a minesweeper during the Soviet-Japanese war in August 1945. 35+ YEARS OF FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACTION, The Underwater Cuban Missile Crisis at 60, FOIA Advisory Committee Oversight Reports. Vasili Arkhipov. After a week submerged, electric power was failing, the air-conditioning had stopped with the temperature a boiling 60C (140F), the crew rationed to a glass of water a day.
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