Satellite imagery and video released by authorities and shared online showed houses surrounded by murky brown water as well as overflowing river beds that engulfed surrounding farmland. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Train fares will rise by 5.9% TOMORROW - but travellers can still get cheaper tickets if they buy them before City watchdog launches enforcement probe into London Metal Exchange after embattled bourse's controversial IMI revenues exceed 2bn as FTSE 250 manufacturer is lifted by growth in precision engineering division, Norway's Equinor doubles stake in major untapped North sea oil field with $850m acquisition of Suncor's UK arm, 'The Beast' British-built Rolls-Royce appears on Top Gear in 1998, How to find out how many stars Uber drivers have rated you, TikToker reveals Asda to leave your vehicle smelling 'lovely', Skoda gives drivers tips on how to travel with dogs, Dacia's new Jogger estate transforms interior space into a bedroom, See Prince Philip's Land Rover that sold for record amount. As a result, the inundated trains were scrapped with the damage worth US$300M. Natural Disasters Typhoon Hagibis is extremely likely to increase this number to four. Figure 4: Locations of failed dykes (modified from www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/content/001317859.pdf). Abe said the government would draw on a 500 billion yen ($4.6 billion) special reserve to pay for costs incurred because of the storm. The events resulted in significant humanitarian impacts and hundreds of thousands affected. Knowledge awaits. At least 95 people were killed, and more than 93,250 structures were damaged or destroyed, said Aons Global Catastrophe Recap October 2019 report, which is compiled by Aons catastrophe modeling team, Impact Forecasting. A sediment disaster can be classified as either: (1) debris flow, which involves soil and rock mix with water (rainwater and groundwater) flowing down rivers and mountain streams; (2) slope failure, which comprises abrupt collapse of slope when the soil/rock becomes unstable due to heavy rain; and (3) landslide, which involves a soil mass moving downward slowly at the boundary of the discontinuous surface under the influence of groundwater and gravity. At least 95 people were killed, and more than 93,250 structures damaged or destroyed. Some of these damages to railway infrastructures are depicted in Figure 7. Also in the U.S. during October, a severe weather outbreak spawned nearly 30 tornado touchdowns, damaging winds, and large hail across the Plains and Southeast on Oct. 20-21 when at least four people were killed. Most of the precipitation fell along the track of Hagibis and in the mountains west the track. How do Typhoons affect economic activity in the Philippines? Even among these, however, Typhoon Hagibis stands out for its track and the amount of rainfall it delivered to highly populated areas in a short period. Further tornado and storm-related impacts were cited in parts of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, and Tennessee. In one tragic incident, a family of four perished as they were swept down a raging river in their car. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, MLIT (2020). The thirty-eighth depression, ninth typhoon, and third super typhoon of the 2019 Pacific typhoon season, it was the strongest typhoon to strike mainland Japan in decades, and one of the largest typhoons ever recorded, with a . More than seven years have passed since the devastating Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami that destroyed the northeastern coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. ET. Within just 10 days, two tropical storms slammed into Japan, first Mindulle, which hit the larger Tokyo area, and then Lionrock that hit Japan's already tsunami-hit north-east coast. Major rice, corn and sugar-producing. In terms of ground-related damages, both hard countermeasures, such as strengthening river dikes, and soft countermeasures, such as evacuations of high-risk areas, were available. Typhoon Hagibis ((locally referred to as Typhoon No. Some links in this article may be affiliate links. Have we let energy giants make too much profit? Figure 2: Comparison of two NOAA-20 Day Night Band images from 9 October 16:26 UTC, with the right hand image being zoomed in, highlighting the very clear eye of the storm. First is Typhoon Neoguri, a former category 2 storm and now an extratropical cyclone as classified by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The fires destroyed dozens of structures and the Insurance Council of Australia declared separate insurance catastrophe events in each state. The storm one of the strongest to hit the country in years made landfall on Saturday evening local time on the Izu Peninsula, southwest of Tokyo, leaving a trail of destruction in its wake. In addition, 27 inches (69 centimetres) fell in heavily forested Shizuoka Prefecture southwest of Tokyo. (2019). While the deadly storm has since been downgraded to a tropical storm, it continues . Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of the total precipitation in various parts of the country over a period of 72 hrs (10-13 October). Save the Childrens natural disaster response and emergency response programs help protect vulnerable boys and girls during disasters and their aftermath. The death toll has now risen to at least 74, according to public broadcaster NHK. The results of flooding caused by Hagibis can be seen in the impacts on nearshore turbidity in the ocean south of Tokyo. The typhoon affected 98,914 residential houses (with 3,280 completely destroyed and 29,638 partially destroyed). The soon to be released WMO Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes 1970-2019 states that in the past 50 years, three of the top 10 disasters worldwide in terms of deaths were attributed to tropical cyclones. By providing my mobile phone number, I agree to receive recurring text messages from Save the Children (48188) and phone calls with opportunitiesto donate and ways to engage in our mission to support children around the world. 53) (in Japanese), https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001328599.pdf (accessed 17/02/2020). Some industries have been hit particularly hard, including apple farming in Nagano, according to NHK. With the forecasted increase in future rainfall intensities, geotechnical engineers need to re-evaluate the way we design such measures, with a focus on both hard and soft components. When Toshitaka Yoshimura, a retired carpenter in Nagano, returned to his home after staying at an evacuation center during the storm, he was stunned by what he saw, according to The Associated Press. An active bushfire season in September and October saw numerous fires burn across parts of Queensland and New South Wales as much of Eastern Australia continued to deal with severe drought conditions. A sales tax hike introduced by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's government has been blamed by many economists for causing consumer spending to fall by 2.9 per cent in the three months from October to December. Rivers have breached their banks in at least 14 different places, inundating . The levee, in an area northwest of Tokyo, was one of at least 55 breached as Typhoon Hagibis dumped record-breaking rains on Japan last weekend, with more than 70 people dying in the storm and . As a result, many university buildings were flooded up to the first floor, while buildings with basement floors, such as the library basement floor and some research areas, were filled with floodwater (see Figure 6(b)). Total economic losses were expected to exceed USD10 billion, with insured losses minimally in the billions (USD). The storm made landfall in Japans Iza Peninsula on Oct. 12 before it swept through the greater Tokyo metro region. Hagibis spawned a large tornado on 12 October, which struck the Ichihara area of Chiba Prefecture during the onset of Hagibis; the tornado, along with a 5.7 magnitude earthquake off the coast, caused additional damage those areas that were damaged by Hagibis. Now, youll be among the first to know how Save the Children is responding to the most urgent needs of children, every day and in times of crisisand how your support can make a difference. Further tornado and storm-related impacts were cited in parts of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, and Tennessee. Meanwhile, a severe weather outbreak spawned nearly 30 tornado touchdowns, damaging winds, and large hail across the U.S. Plains and Southeast on October 20-21, killing at least four people. Profit Loss Thanks for reading Scientific American. Since its still a relatively new kind of research, it has a lot of room to develop. The typhoon also led to widespread transport disruptions over the weekend, with flights, bullet trains and other transport canceled across Honshu, Japans main island. As a result, the infiltrating water from the typhoon was concentrated on the clay layer, which suddenly failed together with the upper layer, causing a sediment disaster. In Gunma Prefecture, four people were killed when their homes washed away, according to the local crisis management office. Many of the cases involved classic rainfall-induced failure mechanism (i.e., rainfall infiltration leads to an increase in positive pore water pressure and/or elimination of suction in the soil, leading to a reduction in shear strength and when equilibrium can no longer be sustained in the slope, failure is mobilised along a slip surface). Featured image post Typhoon Hagibis flooding in Nagano by Akira Kodaka. With ample exposure located in high-risk locations all around the world, it becomes increasingly important to utilize the latest tools available to better prepare for future weather and climate-related scenarios in both mature and developing markets, says Bowen. A man uses a shovel to scoop mud Tuesday in a neighborhood devastated by Typhoon Hagibis in Nagano, Japan. Numerous levees failed, and at one point, the government advised nearly 8 million people to evacuate, Denyer reported. When Typhoon Hagibis made landfall on 12 October 2019, many areas in central, eastern and northeastern Japan were devastated as a result of the record-breaking rainfall, hurricane-force winds and widespread flooding. In the True Colour RGB from 9 October (Figure 6, left), clear skies allowed for the OLCI instrument aboard Sentinel-3 to capture an image showing blue ocean around Japan, prior to the arrival of the cyclone. The most destructive fires included the Saddle Ridge Fire (Los Angeles County) and Sandalwood Fire (Riverside County). By As a country frequently experiencing natural disasters, Japan has developed various disaster mitigation measures and many are already in place; yet, typhoon Hagibis still caused unprecedented damage to life and property. Examples of sediment disasters that occurred following the passage of typhoon Hagibis and their distributions throughout the affected regions in Japan are illustrated in Figure 2. Built by actuaries for actuaries. As Typhoon Hagibis threatens to wreak havoc in Japan, travelers may find themselves having to change plans at the last minute. We have detected that JavaScript is disabled in your web browser. You can access the full Impact Forecasting October 2019 Global Catastrophe Recap Report here. Along with the report, users can access current and historical natural catastrophe data and event analysis on Impact Forecastings Catastrophe Insight website, which is updated bi-monthly as new data become available: Be the first to contribute to our definitive actuarial reference forum. When you give, 85% of every dollar goes straight to our mission. Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe warned on Tuesday of a "prolonged" impact from one of the most destructive typhoons in decades to hit the country. 19), the most powerful typhoon to hit Japan in six decades, devastated wide areas of Honshu Island, especially the Chubu, Kanto, and Tohoku regions, including the capital Tokyo, when it made landfall in the evening on 12 October 2019. "I put a lot of effort in this house," Yoshimura said. From the reconnaissance work and information collected from various sources, the following are the main observations and lessons learned from this large-scale disaster. Millions of families and children in Japan have been forced to evacuate as Typhoon Hagibis, a Category 5 super typhoon, made landfall south of Tokyo on Saturday, October 12, 2019. The method essentially investigates the influence of warming on the probability of a given event occurring, by now a well-established practice in attribution science. At least three people were killed and nearly a dozen others were injured. The field specializes in uncovering the influence of climate change on individual weather events, like hurricanes, heat waves, floods and wildfires. While some disaster mitigation systems that were in-place worked, the intensity of the typhoon and the amount of rainfall it brought were unprecedented, almost beyond what the systems were designed. Researchers also went a step further, and translated the influence of warming into economic costs: Of the $10 billion Typhoon Hagibis caused in damages, they estimate that about $4 billion can be attributed to climate change. 19) struck the central and eastern parts of the country on 12 October 2019 and caused widespread damage across many low-lying lands, with rivers bursting their banks after hours of torrential rain and powerful winds. Typhoon Hagibis was the worst storm to hit the country in decades More than 110,000 people are taking part in search and rescue operations after Typhoon Hagibis struck Japan on Saturday.. Children are always most vulnerable during a crisis and in the midst of a natural disaster like Typhoon Hagibis. We focused on this specific event because Hagibis was one of the most damaging storms in Japans history, said lead study author Sihan Li, a senior research associate at Oxford University. That helps us fund This Is Money, and keep it free to use. Economic The overall economic impact of Typhoon Haiyan is estimated at $5.8 billion (3.83 billion). 19), the most powerful typhoon to hit Japan in six decades, devastated wide areas of Honshu Island, especially the Chubu, Kanto, and Tohoku regions, including the capital Tokyo, when it made landfall in the evening on 12 October 2019. Learn more about Save the Childrens work in the Philippines. Japan's economy contracted by 6.3 per cent in the last quarter of 2019 after it was hit by a sharp fall in consumer spending and Typhoon Hagibis. You must be logged in to post a comment. The most significant fires included the Kincade Fire (Sonoma County); Tick Fire (Los Angeles County); Getty Fire (Los Angeles County); Hillside Fire (San Bernardino County); Maria Fire (Ventura County), and the Easy Fire (Ventura County). Around October 12, 2019, torrential rainfall from Typhoon Hagibis caused large-scale flooding in a large area around the metropole region of Tokyo leading to large-scale destruction including losses of lives, livelihoods, and economic losses of well over $10 bn US dollars. One trend that is especially clear is damage costs from typhoons in Japan are escalating, with three of the top 10 most expensive Japanese typhoons since 1950 occurring in the past two years alone. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Why Not Go Direct on Homeowners, Allstate CEO Asks, Norfolk Southern Ordered to Clean Polluted Site, Aons Global Catastrophe Recap October 2019, Typhoon Hagibis to Cost Japan's Economy $10B, with Insured Losses in Billions: Aon, California High Schoolers to Learn Insurance Under Mandatory Finance Education Bill, As Salaries Skyrocketed, Satisfaction Improved in 2022, Huge Fire Rips Through Skyscraper in Hong Kong Shopping District, Earthquakes Deliver Another Blow to Turkey's Re/Insurance Industry: Reports, Property Adjuster Field Estimating $3,000 Sign-on Bonus -, Actuary or Associate Actuary Commercial and/or Personal Lines REMOTE -, Underwriting Support Carrier REMOTE -, Associate Director Accident and Health -, Insurance Operations Business Analyst REMOTE -, 10 Emerging Risks & Markets to Know About, How AI Can Transform Insureds Lives in 2023, January Renewals See Hardest Property Catastrophe Reinsurance Rates in Generation, Biden's Cyber Plan Would Hold Software Makers Responsible in Hacks, Russian Airlines and Insurers Proposed Stranded Jet Settlements, AerCap Says, Sotheby's Defeats Most of Russian Billionaire's Fraud Suit, Train Derailment Probe Finds Melted Covers on Valves on 3 Cars With Chemicals, Cardinal Health, McKesson Prevail in Georgia Families' Opioid Trial, Trends in the Surplus Lines Industry 2023, Resilience for Risk and Insurance Professionals. The same is true of many other kinds of climate-related disasters all over the world. In the United States, extreme wildfire conditions marked by the seasonal return of Diablo and Santa Ana winds led to numerous fire ignitions across California from October 10-17. And the field is still evolving. Per the damage reports, river dykes failed at around 140 sites along 71 rivers in seven prefectures, primarily due to the large volume of rain that fell over a wide area due to the intense strength of the typhoon. 2023 Cable News Network. Shares on the Nikkei 225 Index fell by 0.7 per cent to 23,523. Typhoon Hagibis proved to be extraordinarily devastating for northern Japan when it struck this weekend, unleashing more than three feet of rain in just 24 hours in some locations, causing widespread flash flooding as well as river flooding. Impact of Typhoon Hagibis Typhoon Hagibis caused high-intensity rainfall in almost all places in Japan including in Tokyo. Figure 1 shows the storm at Super Typhoon intensity, as seen by the OLCI instrument on Sentinel-3. But Taro Saito says: 'If this epidemic is not contained by the time of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the damage to the economy will be huge.'. Extremely critical wildfire conditions also brought numerous ignitions across Northern and Southern California from Oct. 23 into early November, said the report. Now this makes me want to cry.". More than 30,000 people were still in shelters as of late Monday. Total economic damage was expected to exceed USD100 million, with most of the losses covered by insurance. Climate litigation is just one possible arena where these kinds of studies could be useful. We experienced a breast cancer patient whose initial presentation was delayed for 2 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Typhoon Hagibis. Ten Hokuriku bullet trains (consisting of 120 cars) were submerged when the Abukuma River overflowed and inundated the train depot located near the bank of the river. A post-event survey of the coastal impacts of Typhoon Hagibis was conducted in the Greater Tokyo and Shizuoka areas. Non-structural (soft-type) approaches, such as improved flood warning and evacuation systems, can significantly reduce the impact of flooding and potentially save more lives. Orense, R.P. According to reporting from The Washington Post's Simon Denyer, by Sunday, more than 20 rivers in central and northeastern Japan had burst their banks, flooding more than 1,000 homes in cities, towns and villages. Although the distribution of pumice from volcanoes is known to some extent, it is difficult to predict where the weathered clay layers are located. Weve set up clinics, built temporary schools and provided shelter. Little is known on how different types of disasters interact in their impacts on patient care. As the core of the storm pulled away from Tokyo on Sunday, it dumped heavy rains across Toshigi as well as Fukushima Prefecture. Most impacts were recorded in Texas, where a confirmed EF3 tornado with up to 140 mph (220 kph) winds struck several neighborhoods in North Dallas. Finally, lessons learned from the disaster and their relevance to the New Zealand setting are discussed. Data from the Environmental Modeling Center (EMC 2019) showed that on 10 October, the typhoon had maximum sustained wind speeds of 259 kph (tagged as Category 5 typhoon), and then weakened when it made landfall two days later, but still with gust speed reaching 140 kph and central pressure of 950 hPa. Text STOP to opt-out, HELP for info. A woman looks at flood-damaged homes in Nagano on October 15, 2019, after high winds and torrential rain and triggered landslides and catastrophic flooding. In addition, high winds lashed Tokyo and Tokyo Bay, along with pounding surf and storm surge flooding as the storm, once a Category 5 behemoth, barreled across Honshu as the equivalent of a Category 2 and then a Category 1-equivalent storm. We do not write articles to promote products. While structural (hard-type) approaches, such as building stronger flood defence systems would work, there is a limit to their effectiveness when we think that intense rainfall is becoming the new norm. If you click on them we may earn a small commission. The passage of the typhoon, with direct impact to Tokyo and adjacent areas, necessitated mass evacuation advisories, paralysed transport systems and shut down commercial facilities. Find out more. An estimated 5,500 people remain housed in shelters, according to Japans Cabinet Office. As extreme weather is becoming more frequent and catastrophic due to global warming, NZs coastal regions are becoming more prone to storms and flooding. The most destructive fires included the Saddle Ridge Fire (Los Angeles County) and Sandalwood Fire (Riverside County). Widespread flooding induced by intense rainfall and dyke breach is not new to New Zealand. Firefighters pump water from a flooded area in the aftermath of Typhoon Hagibis in Nagano on October 15, 2019. As of 08/11/2019, reinforcement works have been completed in all collapsed dykes in nationally-managed rivers while temporary river dykes have been completely set-up in all prefecture-managed dykes. hide caption. At least 16 people were killed and 115 residential houses were destroyed, either completely or partially, as a result of these mass movements. In 2018, Japan suffered $34 billion in losses from natural disasters, of which $16 billion was insured, after being hit by two major typhoons, two earthquakes and deadly floods, according to reinsurer Munich Re. It turned out that the whitish layer was a clay layer in which pumice, associated with the eruption of Mt. Millions of families and children in Japan have been forced to evacuate as Typhoon Hagibis, a Category 5 super typhoon, made landfall south of Tokyo on Saturday, October 12, 2019. In addition, the storm had begun to interact with the high winds at upper levels of the atmosphere known as the jet stream, which expanded the reach of its heavy rains and broadened its wind field so tropical storm force winds extended across much of Honshu. 10:03 EST 17 Feb 2020 Project Mondo G is a Mercedes G-Wagen in a puffer jacket, New Honda's Civic: family car with rebellious bad boy in its line-up, Advert for the 1998 first generation of the Audi TT, Ford scrapping 1,300 jobs in UK amid European overhaul. There are hundreds of peer-reviewed attribution studies published in the scientific literature today. New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Terms & conditions / Privacy Policy / Legal. Total economic losses amounted to at least USD816 million, including USD553 million in South Korea and USD263 million in China. Further tornado and storm-related impacts were cited in parts of Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Louisiana, and Tennessee. Instagram. Abstract. Moreover, their impacts on the built environment are discussed. The most significant fires included the Kincade Fire (Sonoma County); Tick Fire (Los Angeles County); Getty Fire (Los Angeles County); Hillside Fire (San Bernardino County); Maria Fire (Ventura County), and the Easy Fire (Ventura County). Economic and insured losses were likely to reach into the hundreds of millions of dollars, if not higher. "I made all the furniture with my wife. Figure 3, in particular, shows how large and widespread the system was. Because of the rain, 47 rivers burst their banks, Masahiro Nishio, a spokesman for the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism told CNN. Asama, has weathered for tens of thousands of years. 'The virus will mainly hit inbound tourism and exports, but could also weigh on domestic consumption quite a lot.'. The system reached tropical storm status late on 5 October as it travelled westward, and was officially named Hagibis by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The typhoon then made slow progress, with a forward-moving speed of 30 kph, i.e., it lingered longer over the landmass and resulted in a high accumulation of rainfall in several regions. In addition, the flooding was so severe that the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) requested the International Charter Space and Major Disasters to be activated. Figure 7: Damage to JR-East facilities (modified from www.jreast.co.jp/press/2019/20191013_ho01.pdf). Events such as Typhoon Hagibis in Japan and wildfires in California served as a reminder of the repetitive, or clustering, nature of certain perils on a year-to-year basis that can often be hard to predict. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much This article was originally published by The Washington Post. "It is urgent to provide adequate support for the victims," Abe said, according to a translation from Japanese published in Japan Times. Governance & Rule of Law. Frequently, typhoons affect the southwestern reaches of Japan first, and weaken to windswept rainstorms by the time they hit Tokyo. Japan's economy contracted by 6.3 per cent in the last quarter of 2019 after it was hit by a sharp fall in consumer spending and Typhoon Hagibis. According to existing guidelines, an evacuation advisory needs to be specified by the prefectural authorities for residential areas near slopes if the slope gradients are in excess of 30 (i.e., areas designated as sediment disaster alert area). Typhoon Hagibis killed more than 50 people and devastated parts of northern Japan beginning Oct. 12. Typhoon Hagibis is likely to become one of 2019s costliest events, with economic costs of more than US$10 billion and insured losses minimally in the billions, according to Aons monthly catastrophe report. She was eventually rescued from an upper floor. About a third of bullet trains in Nagano were submerged. Sediment-related disasters: in total, 952 cases broken down as follows: Debris flows 407 cases (in 13 prefectures), Slope failures 501 cases (in 20 prefectures, with 18 cases in the Tokyo Metropolitan area), Landslides 44 cases (in 6 prefectures, with 31 cases in Niigata Prefecture), State highways: 15 sections along 13 routes, National roads: 39 sections in 17 routes, Prefectural roads: 62 sections of 38 routes, 254 routes operated by 83 railway companies affected (including planned suspension), While there was no reported damage to airport facilities, 3,188 flights were cancelled, Treatment plants: inundation damage occurred at 17 plants and treatment function stopped, Pump stations: operation suspended at 31 locations due to flood damage, Manhole pumps: 104 pumps affected by flooding and ground damage (in 28 cities, 13 town and 2 villages). Severe flooding occurred in Nagano, Japan, the site of the 1998 Winter Olympics, where waters from the overflowing Chikuma River damaged a fleet of high-speed bullet trains that had been parked in a maintenance rail depot. Californias most destructive fires during the period Oct. 10-17 included the Saddle Ridge Fire (Los Angeles County) and Sandalwood Fire (Riverside County), which are expected to bring economic damage in excess of US$100 million, with most of the losses covered by insurance. Japanese media report that at least 120 train cars sustained damage from flooding in a depot for a bullet train line, the Hokuriku Shinkansen. In Zhoushan, China, the storm caused three fatalities. Typhoon Hagibis made landfall in Japans Iza Peninsula on October 12 before later sweeping through the greater Tokyo metro region. On Saturday, 10 bags of soil from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster were found drifting in a river amid storm debris in Tamura city, about 25 kilometers (15.5 miles) away from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant. Domestic demand fell in the quarter at an annual pace of 8 per cent, with cars, household appliances, and winter items saw lower demand. For inquiries concerning ELI's Vibrant Environment blog, please contact the Blog Editor at blogeditor@eli.org. The fresh damage comes with the country still recovering from several natural disasters over the past two years. Figure 4 illustrates the distribution of these breached river dykes. For example, in Takumi, Tomioka City where a landslide killed three people, it was found that a 20 cm thick whitish layer was horizontally distributed for about 20 m in length at a depth of 3 m from the ground surface (see Figure 3). On Tuesday, Abe said at a session of the Upper House Budget Committee that his government was planning to designate Hagibis a severe natural disaster, in order to make municipalities in affected regions eligible for increased state subsidies for reconstruction work. (Video: The . Although Hagibis weakened ahead of landfall, it was still one of the highest-impact storms to hit Japan in many years. The research looks only at costs associated with insured losses.
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