Argentina and Mexico are the countries with Dictatorship as a government form. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. Too Much Power. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. Latin America's new generation of dictators. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. Italy's Mussolini. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. This article focuses on the five communist countries that are still adherent to Marxism-Leninism. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. He all but eradicated corruption. Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. He became the 22nd president of Liberia on August 2, 1997 and served until August 11, 2003. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. China - Communist Regime 4. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. A semi-presidential (mixed) democracy has a government that needs the majority of support from a legislature to exist and whose head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. 5. [1]:70. [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. This list details eight of the world's current dictators and the poverty rates associated with each country. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). Military dictatorship: 2. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. This means that the ruler or party has complete control. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. The phrase "fixed term" indicates the once the head of state is chosen, they serve a known and a limited number of years before another election is held, and they cannot be removed from the office in the meantime via a vote of no confidence. " ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. Modern Dictatorships Between 1919 and 1939 there was a great reaction against democracy and dictatorship was established in many countries of the world. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Secondly, while the term "dictatorship" is widely understood to include inherent abuse of powerthere is arguably no such thing as a benevolent dictatorhistory offers several examples of autocrats who tried to do what was best for their people. Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled by Dictators | 2019 Rankings On Time 1.62K subscribers 95K views 3 years ago Dictatorship Countries And Their Leaders | Countries Ruled. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. 2. The power structures of dictatorships vary, and different definitions of dictatorship consider different elements of this structure. For democracies, it categorizes them into three types: parliamentary, semi-presidential and presidential democracies. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. The legislature must be popularly elected. [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. Dictatorships have arisen throughout history, usually in times of crisis. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. [145] Opposition parties in dictatorships may be restricted by preventing them from campaigning, banning more popular opposition parties, preventing opposition members from forming a party, or requiring that candidates be a member of the ruling party. Many dictatorships are also characterized by corruption, nepotism, and a cult of personality around the leader. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" [106], The nature of dictatorship changed in much of the world at the onset of the 21st century. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Samantha Menzies 22 February 2016, 7:39 pm The 10 most capitalist nations in the world Capitalism is thriving in many parts of the world, with the list. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" Its purpose is to collect information, mobilize society, and induce compliance with the dictatorships directives. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. Obiang's regime is known for state-sanctioned kidnappings, torture of prisoners, and unlawful killings. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Current Heads of State & Dictators - Planet Rulers, President Faustin Archange Touadera of the, President Flix Tshilombo Tshisekedi of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President Denis Sassou Nguesso of the Republic of the Congo, President Teodoro Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, President Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan of. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. "Tyrants, the World's 20 Worst Living Dictators", by David Wallechinsky, ranked Biya together with three others mainly in sub-Saharan Africa: Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, and King Mswati of Swaziland. [1]:70. One person holds all of the country's power. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. [8]:457 Elected heads of state are usually referred to as "president." Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. Many are noted for their cruelty, while others are honored as national heroes. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries [128]. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. [1]:71. Most caudillos came from a military background, and their rule was typically associated with pageantry and glamor. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . 3. Functioning of government: 3.57. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. [34] When a one-party dictatorship develops gradually through legal means, in can result in conflict between the party organization and the state apparatus and civil service, as the party rules in parallel and increasingly appoints its own members to positions of power. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. This makes it distinct from constitutional monarchy and ceremonial monarchy. (Image Wikipedia) Electoral process and pluralism: 0.00. [25], One-party dictatorships are governments in which a single political party dominates politics. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. The dictator is the absolute ruler. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? [87], The decolonisation of Africa prompted the creation of new governments, many of which became dictatorships in the 1960s and 1970s. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. 1. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. [97], The Middle East was decolonized during the Cold War, and many nationalist movements gained strength post-independence. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. This does not indicate cases of semi-democracy or semi-dictatorship. The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. 1. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. Venezuela has a presidential government. Epidemic of First World War After the first world war, countries got disturbed to conduct democratic governments and managements. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. Binary measure of democracy and dictatorship, Six-fold regime classification scheme and its rules, Comparison with other democracy-measuring data sets, Studies in Comparative International Development, "Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense", Przeworski, Alvarez, Cheibub, and Limongi: Democracy and development, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Democracy-Dictatorship_Index&oldid=1141715357, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from February 2023, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2023, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. #SOSCuba. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections.