Here are some issues which can directly impact the business of airline companies: A country's economic condition is directly related to the business operating within the country. This has an impact on carriers, as it has a scope which extends beyond the traditional holiday package booked through a tour operator, and covers many other forms of combined travel (for example, fly-drive holidays and flight-hotel bookings). The Court held that the claimant was entitled to compensation. No, there are no ownership requirements specific to GDSs operating in the UK, beyond the general UK company law applicable to all companies. The government has set up some strict rules and guidelines for the operation of an airline which can ensure the utmost security of the passengers. In common law, under specific conditions, a possessory lien arises in favour of a person who has expended labour and skills on the improvement of a chattel. The use of the technology was justified because South Wales Police complied with the relevant equality legislation, were processing personal data in a manner consistent with the applicable legislation and had implemented sufficient safeguards to ensure appropriate and non-arbitrary use of AFR. Airport charges means: (a) charges levied on operators of aircraft in connection with the landing, parking or taking-off of aircraft at the airport (but excluding charges for air navigation services and certain penalties in connection with aircraft noise and vibration caused by aircraft); and (b) charges levied on aircraft passengers in connection with their arrival at, or departure from, the airport by air. Sitemap, British Airways operates more than 280 aircraft, Political Factors Affecting British Airways, British Airways PESTLE Analysis: Final Thoughts, the pound experienced historic depreciation, s a direct effect on the airline industry, decided to reduce the legroom of its planes, the first airline that used sustainable fuel, What is PESTLE Analysis? Type B operating licences are for operators of aircraft with 19 or fewer seats; Type A operating licences are for operators of aircraft with 20 or more seats. This will in any event and inevitably increase the prospect of parallel investigations, while both the CMA and the courts will be at liberty to determine the extent to which they follow the EU approach (or not). Product transportation, profit margins, and viability of certain markets are all examples of things which may be influenced by legal factors. It can help them to stay away from crashes or technical faults. , . Further guidance on the requirements for registration of aircraft on the United Kingdom Register of Civil Aircraft is available at www.caa.co.uk. For this purpose, cross-sectional data analysis was applied, and the test was performed on Turkey. A party requires permission to appeal from a County Court or High Court decision. If so, what obligations, broadly speaking, are imposed on the airport authorities? ______ factors result from the processes and actions of government bodies that influence the decisions and behavior of firms. A Harvard study suggests that more than 57% of today's youth will be obese at age 35. Of less frequent application, a creditor may obtain a freezing injunction, restraining an aircraft pending judgment and execution of the judgment debt. 2.6 Is your jurisdiction a signatory to the main international Conventions (Montreal, Geneva and Cape Town)? The PESTEL analysis of the airline companies can show how the external factors have affected them. Civil Aviation (Denied Boarding, Compensation and Assistance) Regulations 2005 Statutory Instrument No 975 2005. The . Under Part 1 Article 5(4) of the Air Navigation Order 2009, if an aircraft is chartered by demise to a person qualified under paragraph (1), the CAA may, whether or not an unqualified person is entitled as owner to a legal or beneficial interest in the aircraft, register the aircraft in the United Kingdom in the name of the charterer by demise if it is satisfied that the aircraft may otherwise be properly registered. See, for example, the EU Regulations: 216/2008 (as amended; Basic Regulation); 7/2013 (rules for airworthiness of aircraft and products and certification of design and production organisations); 1321/2014 (continuing airworthiness and approval of involved organisations and personnel); 2015/445 (aircrew); and 859/2009 (EU-OPS operating safety requirements and standards). Technological factors affecting Air Canada. A search of the United Kingdom Aircraft Mortgage Register for entries registered against relevant aircraft can be made by submitting a CAA Form CA350 (obtained from www.caa.co.uk) to the CAA. Airport operators have also been held liable where there was a known hazard and no effective system to discover and disperse birds, leading to bird strikes. It should nevertheless be noted that a right to repossess the relevant aircraft would always be subject to any liens and other statutory detention or retention rights of third parties (as described more fully in Priority under question 2.2 above). The number of passengers may decrease while the cost of raw materials may increase. Economic factors have a deep influence on the airline industry. injunctions to prevent the other side from doing something or requiring the other party to do something; possession orders to take control of an aircraft and other aviation assets; and. Type B operating licences may also be granted to operators of larger aircraft with a limited scope of activity. However, it is possible, and will in many cases be advisable, to notify the CMA, since if a merger may result in a substantial lessening of competition in the UK market, failure to obtain prior clearance risks a reference to a more in-depth investigation and analysis by the CMA (known as a Phase 2 investigation), with the possible consequences described below, which may include a requirement that the purchaser divests. The impact of a government shutdown likely was never a top concern for airline risk managers before, but the recent 35-day shutdown the longest in history made clear that a non-functioning federal government has big implications for airline safety, efficiency and profitability. State of the U.S. Broadly, the DPA 2018 applies to the processing (such as obtaining, recording, holding, using, disclosing or erasing) of personal data. The airline industry has mounted publicity campaigns and engaged in lobbying in order to try to influence a reduction in APD rates, which the industry views as being too high. The aviation industry also conducts advertising campaign on the social platform for attracting more clients. It is worth noting that, although it does not change any relevant provisions of English law as regards the creation of in rem security interests generally, that law will not apply to determine whether an international interest under the CTC is validly created. Below is a pestle analysis for the airline industry that can help anyone understand the conditions in this industry. The availability and costs of aviation fuel remain one of the major economic factors affecting the airline industry for decades. If a company can secure a tie-up with the government, that can be highly beneficial for them. The CAA is responsible for administering air safety on a day-to-day basis, in its own capacity and for and on behalf of EASA. But they also will make it harder for airlines to show profits as the squeeze is expected to push up labor costs at a time when carriers face significantly higher fuel prices. The rights must be extant (under the relevant security documents or lease) and clearly demonstrable to third parties if required. For financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2016 and, if the directors of the acquirer so decided, financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2015, the acquirer qualifies as small or medium-sized if it, or the group of which it is a member (as defined in section 474 of the Companies Act 2006), has satisfied certain criteria laid down by the CMA (which is more fully detailed in the relevant section of the government website: www.gov.uk). The ICO issued the first UK enforcement notice under the GDPR in July 2018 on a Canadian data company. Intellectual Property LitigationBusiness LitigationCorporate & CommercialPatentsTrademarks, Technology & DataSoftware & CopyrightsAnti-Counterfeiting & EnforcementInternet & E-CommerceInternational Business, 8150 N Central Expressway 10th Floor Dallas, Texas 75206 | Principal Office - Dallas, TexasCopyright Policy | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Banner, Airline Industry Legal Issues Services Main, Courts Divided Over .Com Trademark Registrations, Tough Time Flying? Similarly, the principle for international transfers of personal data previously contained in the DPA 1998 is now dealt with separately in Chapter V of the GDPR. The majority of cases arising out of the finance or lease of aircraft will be heard by the Commercial Court. If you have any questions about flight planning and its complexities, feel free to contact our team today for more information. 1.8 Do the airports impose requirements on carriers flying to and from the airports in your jurisdiction? There are two types of operating licence: Type A; and Type B. It is clear that developments in the data protection space involving the collection, retention, processing and use of personal specifically, PNR data will continue to feature as a major area of concern and focus for airlines and airports in the future, let alone the next two years. In practice, this is not a commonly used doctrine as there is a very high threshold to prove it. ICLG.com > There is no automatic stay of execution of a judgment or order while appeal is pursued. With its global reach, reliance on technology, manpower, and heavy use of oil, it is exposed to many risks and threats. The standby runway would not be lengthened so it could not be used for long-haul flights, according to the plan. This is mainly because of the risks associated and which can result in deaths or accidents or any irreparable damage. Firstly, the aviation industry has rebounded post-COVID much faster than many anticipated. The rising cost of oil and other necessary machines can impact the airline industry. Many workers who would usually take up employment in the sector have been unable to. The United Kingdom was a signatory to the Chicago Convention in 1944 and it was ratified on 1 March 1947 prior to its effective date of 4 April 1947. There is growing political instability in the Middle East and Asia too. Recession and unstable economic conditions can severely affect the airline industry. The PNR Directive obliges airlines to hand EU countries their passengers data in order to help the authorities fight terrorism and serious crime. The UK has a relatively low threshold of originality for a work to be considered an original work which is protected by copyright. These clauses usually suspend the obligation rather than terminate it completely. As part of the application procedure, the CAA may request additional information in order to process an application for registration (for example, a certified copy of a bill of sale evidencing the ownership of the aircraft to be registered).